TiO-SiO Self-Standing Materials bearing Hierarchical Porosity: MUB-200(x) Series toward 3D-Efficient VOC Photoabatement Properties.

Three-dimensional photoactive self-standing porous materials have been synthesized through the integration of soft chemistry and colloids (emulsions, lyotrope mesophases, and P25 titania nanoparticles). Final multiscale porous ceramics bear 700-1000 m g of micromesoporosity depending on the P25 nanoparticle contents. The applied thermal treatment does not affect the P25 anatase/rutile allotropic phase ratio.

Biological, geological and chemical effects of oxygen injection in underground gas storage aquifers in the setting of biomethane deployment.

The last few years have seen the proliferation of anaerobic digestion plants to produce biomethane. Oxygen (O) traces added to biogas during the desulfurization process are co-injected in the gas network and can be stored in Underground Gas Storage (UGS). However, there are no data available for the undesirable effects of O on these anoxic environments, especially on deep aquifers.

Novel Hydroquinone-Alumina Composites Stabilizing a Guest-Free Clathrate Structure: Applications in Gas Processing.

Organic clathrates formed by hydroquinone (HQ) and gases such as CO and CH are solid supramolecular host-guest compounds in which the gaseous guest molecules are encaged in a host framework of HQ molecules. Not only are these inclusion compounds fascinating scientific curiosities but they can also be used in practical applications such as gas separation. However, the development and future use of clathrate-based processes will largely depend on the effectiveness of the reactive materials used.

24-hour multi-pH recording of the postprandial acid pocket and the nocturnal acid distribution at the esophagogastric junction in healthy volunteers.

Background: Postprandial stationary pH monitoring studies have identified the acid pocket. To what extent a similar pool of acid is present in the fasting state or at night remains however unclear.

Methods: The study was performed in 9 HV without a hiatal hernia.

Assessment of hypovolaemia in the critically ill.

Assessment of the intravascular volume status of patients is one of the most challenging tasks for the intensive care clinician. It is also one of the most important skills in intensive care management as both hypervolaemia and hypovolaemia lead to increased morbidity and mortality. The assessment of hypovolaemic patients is aided by several clinical signs, laboratory investigations, and a multitude of haemodynamic monitoring systems.

The black box revelation: monitoring gastrointestinal function.

The gastrointestinal tract comprises diverse functions. Despite recent developments in technology and science, there is no single and universal tool to monitor GI function in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Clinical evaluation is complex and has a low sensitivity to diagnose pathological processes in the abdomen.

Perioperative gastrointestinal problems in the ICU.

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems after surgery are common and are not limited to patients undergoing abdominal surgery. GI function is complicated to monitor and is not included in organ dysfunction scores widely used in the ICUs. In most cases, it recovers after surgery, if systemic and local inflammation and perfusion improve, gut oedema resolves, and analgosedation is reduced.

Diagnostic error in the Emergency Department: follow up of patients with minor trauma in the outpatient clinic.

Background: The Emergency Department (ED) is prone to diagnostic error. Most frequent diagnostic errors involved "minor" trauma. Our goal was to determine how frequently a missed diagnosis was detected during follow up and to determine the frequency and causes of primary missed diagnosis and diagnostic error.

Fabrication of transistors on flexible substrates: from mass-printing to high-resolution alternative lithography strategies.

In this report, the development of conventional, mass-printing strategies into high-resolution, alternative patterning techniques is reviewed with the focus on large-area patterning of flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) for display applications. In the first part, conventional and digital printing techniques are introduced and categorized as far as their development is relevant for this application area. The limitations of conventional printing guides the reader to the second part of the progress report: alternative-lithographic patterning on low-cost flexible foils for the fabrication of flexible TFTs.

Emergency department visits due to alcohol intoxication: characteristics of patients and impact on the emergency room.

Aims: The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology, management and cost of emergency department (ED) visits due to alcohol intoxication.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of all episodes of alcohol intoxication was made, excepting those where another diagnosis such as trauma or psychiatric illness was primary, in patients older than 16 years, who presented to the ED of a large university hospital in Belgium over a 12-month period from 1 January 2009.

Results: A total of 635 such patients accounted for 1.

Double-layer imprint lithography on wafers and foils from the submicrometer to the millimeter scale.

In this paper, a thermal imprint technique, double-layer nanoimprint lithography (dlNIL), is introduced, allowing complete filling of features in the dimensional range of submicrometer to millimeter. The imprinting and filling quality of dlNIL was studied on Si substrates as a model system and compared to results obtained with regular NIL (NIL) and reverse NIL (rNIL). Wavy foils were imprinted with NIL, rNIL and dlNIL and the patterning results compared and discussed.

Components of the plasminogen activator system and their complexes in renal cell and bladder cancer: comparison between normal and matched cancerous tissues.

Objective: To analyse and compare the concentration of plasminogen activator (PA), urokinase-type PA (uPA), tissue-type PA (tPA), PA inhibitor (PAI)-1 and PAI-2, and the complexes uPA-PAI-1 and tPA-PAI-1 and calculated uPA and tPA uncomplexed with PAI-1 ('free') in urothelial cell carcinoma and matched benign urothelium, and in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and matched benign renal tissue.

Patients And Methods: Tissue samples were obtained during cystectomy (33 patients) and nephrectomy (55), and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the PA components in extracts of these tissues.

Results: Tissue levels of uPA-PAI-1 and tPA-PAI-1, but also PAI-1 itself, were greater in tumorous bladder and kidney tissue than in matched normal tissue (by 1.

Mapping of possible prion protein self-interaction domains using peptide arrays.

Background: The common event in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases is the conversion of host-encoded protease sensitive cellular prion protein (PrPC) into strain dependent isoforms of scrapie associated protease resistant isoform (PrPSc) of prion protein (PrP). These processes are determined by similarities as well as strain dependent variations in the PrP structure. Selective self-interaction between PrP molecules is the most probable basis for initiation of these processes, potentially influenced by chaperone molecules, however the mechanisms behind these processes are far from understood.

Prognostic value of p53 for high risk superficial bladder cancer with long-term followup.

Purpose: The risk of muscle invasive disease in a high risk patient with superficial bladder cancer is up to 50%. Identifying patients at risk for progression remains an unsolved problem. A suggested prognosticator is mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene.

Human papilloma virus DNA and p53 mutation analysis on bladder washes in relation to clinical outcome of bladder cancer.

Objectives: High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types stimulate degradation and deactivation of protein associated with the p53 tumour suppressor gene via the ubiquitin-dependent pathway. For a long time, changes of the p53 tumour suppressor gene have been correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with superficial bladder cancer. We aimed to study the association between presence of (high-risk) HPV DNA, p53 status, and clinical outcome in bladder cancer patients.

UroVysion compared with cytology and quantitative cytology in the surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: The multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization probe set Vysis UroVysion, consisting of probes for chromosomes 3, 7, and 17 and for the 9p21 band, was studied to evaluate its value in the follow-up of patients with bladder cancer. The results were compared with conventional cytology and quantitative cytology (Quanticyt). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether UroVysion is a better adjunct to urethrocystoscopy than cytology and quantitative cytology.

False-positive lesions detected by fluorescence cystoscopy: any association with p53 and p16 expression?

To determine p53 and p16 status as molecular markers of bladder cancer, in histologically proven benign bladder biopsies, obtained from lesions suspect for malignancy as judged by fluorescence cystoscopy. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for p53 and p16, using the antibodies DO-7 and AB-4, respectively. The tissue sections were scored in percentages of nuclear staining for p53 and p16.

Phase II marker lesion study with intravesical instillation of apaziquone for superficial bladder cancer: toxicity and marker response.

Purpose: We studied the ablative activity of intravesical apaziquone (EOquin) on a papillary marker tumor and determined the incidence of side effects.

Materials And Methods: A total of 46 patients with multiple pTa or pT1 bladder tumors underwent visible lesion resection except for 1 marker tumor. Patients were then treated with 6 instillations of apaziquone at weekly intervals.

Potential and toxicity of intravesical pemetrexed: a preclinical study in pigs.

Purpose: In search for a new drug for intravesical use in superficial urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, a pig model is used for pharmacokinetics and toxicity measurements after intravesically administered pemetrexed.

Experimental Design: In the dose escalation phase, two groups of two pigs received 5 and 10 mg/kg pemetrexed intravesically; four groups of three pigs received 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The well-being of the animals was monitored.

Review pathology in a diagnostic bladder cancer trial: effect of patient risk category.

Objectives: Bladder cancer pathologic features are a continuous spectrum from benign to invasive lesions, causing diagnostic difficulties. Review pathology might be an answer, but appears to be of limited value. We studied the effect of patients' risk profile on the value of review pathology.

Quantitative cytology on bladder wash versus voided urine: a comparison of results.

Objectives: Quantitative cytology (Quanticyt) is a valuable marker for the identification of high-risk superficial bladder cancer (SBC) patients and can be used to individualize surveillance of patients. A disadvantage is the necessity to perform an invasive procedure to obtain the required bladder wash sample. This study investigated whether quantitative cytology can be performed on voided urine with reliable results, consistent with the quantitative cytology performed on bladder wash samples.

Urinary NMP22 BladderChek test in the diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer.

Objective: To study the diagnostic efficacy of the NMP22 BladderChek test and to compare it to cytology in the detection of bladder cancer.

Methods: We evaluated 106 voided urinary specimens of patients with suspicion of bladder cancer. All voided urine samples were evaluated by the NMP22 BladderChek test, cytology, sediment and culture.

Linear hoof defects in sheep infected with foot-and-mouth disease.

During the epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in The Netherlands in 2001, a sheep farm was identified that had been subclinically infected with the disease. The FMD virus genome was detected in 12 of 16 probang samples collected from the sheep and the virus was isolated from four of these samples. Linear defects were observed, 1 to 3 cm from the coronary band, in the hooves of several of the sheep.

Comparison of hexaminolevulinate based flexible and rigid fluorescence cystoscopy with rigid white light cystoscopy in bladder cancer: results of a prospective Phase II study.

Introduction And Objective: Several studies have shown that rigid fluorescence cystoscopy (RFC) with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) is superior to standard rigid white light (RWLC) cystoscopy in diagnosing bladder tumours, with a clinically relevant impact on the patient's management. These studies, however, have been done with rigid cystoscopes. We carried out a study to evaluate whether the technique of fluorescence cystoscopy with HAL was also feasible with a specially designed flexible fluorescence cystoscope (FFC).