Conditional biochemical recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

Background: Conditional survival is defined as the likelihood of subsequent survival given the precondition of having already survived a certain length of time. Most analyses of conditional survival in prostate cancer are not clinically applicable because they do not analyze outcomes conditioned on the durability of cure after treatment. We evaluated the conditional probability of biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival (C-BCRFS) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk classification and prognostic factors in patients who survived several years without BCR.

The Association of Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor on Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Kidney Injury in Rats.

Purpose: Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes various damage in renal tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5I) on IR induced renal injury in a rat model.

Materials And Methods: Thirty adult male, 12-week-old, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups.

Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose in preventing adhesive bowel obstruction after laparoscopic radical cystectomy.

Background/objective: Adhesive bowel obstruction is one of the most frequent complications after radical cystectomy, prolonging hospital stay and fasting period and increasing medical expenses. This study evaluated the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) in preventing adhesive bowel obstruction after laparoscopic radical cystectomy.

Methods: Randomized, controlled, single-blinded study was performed.

Growth kinetics of small renal mass: Initial analysis of active surveillance registry.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical safety and natural history of active surveillance (AS) for incidentally diagnosed small renal mass (SRM).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed prospective data for patients who underwent AS for SRM. From 2010 to 2016, 37 SRMs of less than 3 cm were registered.

Does T1- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging give value-added than bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of vertebral metastasis of prostate cancer?

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of limited Magnetic Resonance (MR) images including T1- and diffusion-weighted image (DWI) for monitoring vertebral metastasis in patients with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: From July 2014 to November 2016, patients diagnosed with spinal metastasis from prostate cancer using 99mTc bone scintigraphy were enrolled. Regardless of the primary local therapy, the changes in spinal metastasis were followed up using bone scan and biparametric MR (T1+DWI).

Comparison of Multiparametric and Biparametric MRI in First Round Cognitive Targeted Prostate Biopsy in Patients with PSA Levels under 10 ng/mL.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of cognitive targeted prostate biopsy using biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (b-MRI) for patients with prostate-specific antigen levels under 10 ng/mL.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed data from 123 consecutive patients who underwent cognitive targeted prostate biopsy using prostate MRI. Of these patients, the first 55 underwent prostate biopsy using multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI), and the remaining 68 underwent prostate biopsy using b-MRI.

Does bilateral seminal vesicle invasion at radical prostatectomy predict worse prognosis than unilateral invasion among patients with pT3b prostate cancers?

Objectives: To determine whether bilateral seminal vesicle invasion is associated with worse biochemical recurrence-free survival than unilateral seminal vesicle invasion after radical prostatectomy.

Methods: We reviewed the clinicopathological data of 598 men who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2008 and 2015. Among them, 107 (17.

Visually Estimated MRI Targeted Prostate Biopsy Could Improve the Detection of Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients with a PSA Level <10 ng/mL.

Purpose: To compare prostate cancer detection rates between 12 cores transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) and visually estimated multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI)-targeted prostate biopsy (MRI-visual-Bx) for patients with prostate specific antigen (PSA) level less than 10 ng/mL.

Materials And Methods: In total, 76 patients with PSA levels below 10 ng/mL underwent 3.0 Tesla mp-MRI and TRUS-Bx prospectively in 2014.

A milk protein, casein, as a proliferation promoting factor in prostate cancer cells.

Purpose: Despite most epidemiologic studies reporting that an increase in milk intake affects the growth of prostate cancer, the results of experimental studies are not consistent. In this study, we investigated the proliferation of prostate cancer cells treated with casein, the main protein in milk.

Materials And Methods: Prostate cancer cells (LNCaP and PC3), lung cancer cells (A459), stomach cancer cells (SNU484), breast cancer cells (MCF7), immortalized human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), and immortalized normal prostate cells (RWPE1) were treated with either 0.

Prognostic value of sex-hormone receptor expression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Purpose: We investigated sex-hormone receptor expression as predicting factor of recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated tumor specimens from patients treated for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder at our institution between January 2006 and January 2011. Performing immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal androgen receptor antibody and monoclonal estrogen receptor-beta antibody on paraffin-embedded tissue sections, we assessed the relationship of immunohistochemistry results and prognostic factors such as recurrence and progression.

Reasons for prescription change of α1-blockers in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective: To investigate the reasons for prescription change of α1-blockers in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: The ratio and interval of prescription change were assessed in 3200 patients who were eligible for the study and took 1 of 4 different α1-blockers (doxazosin, alfuzosin, tamsulosin, or silodosin). The reasons for prescription change and evaluation of efficacy were analyzed in 444 patients whose medical records were complete.

Nomogram for prediction of prostate cancer with serum prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/mL.

Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a very useful screening tool, prostate biopsy is still necessary to confirm prostate cancer (PCA). However, it is reported that PSA is associated with a high false-positive rate and prostate biopsy also has various procedure-related complications. Therefore, the authors have devised a nomogram, which can be used to estimate the risk of PCA, using available clinical data for men with a serum PSA less than 10 ng/mL.

Development of an immunotherapeutic adenovirus targeting hormone-independent prostate cancer.

Background: To develop a targeting therapy for hormone-independent prostate cancer, we constructed and characterized conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) equipped with mRFP (monomeric red fluorescence protein)/ttk (modified herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase). This construct was then further modified to express both mRFP/ttk and a soluble form of cytokine FLT3L (fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) simultaneously.

Methods: To construct the recombinant oncolytic adenovirus, E1a and E4 genes, which are necessary for adenovirus replication, were controlled by the prostate-specific enhancer sequence (PSES) targeting prostate cancer cells expressing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA).

Torsion of an indirect hernia sac causing acute scrotal swelling in a child.

Torsion of a hernia sac is an extremely rare condition that presents as acute scrotum in children. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with an acute scrotum and was found during surgical exploration to have torsion of an indirect hernia sac associated with hydrocele. Upon scrotal exploration, deterioration of the scrotum due to inflammatory changes was found.

The Studer orthotopic neobladder: long-term (more than 10 years) functional outcomes, urodynamic features, and complications.

Purpose: Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion are the standard treatment for invasive bladder cancer. We analyzed the long-term (>10 years postoperatively) functional outcomes, complications, and urodynamic findings in a single center series of patients who underwent cystectomy and a Studer ileal neobladder substitution.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review of 108 Studer pouches constructed during 1990 and 2011 was performed.

Laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy: modification of current techniques.

Purpose: To review the feasibility of laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy with extracorporeal eversion of the ureteral end in various distal ureteral lesions.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 5 laparoscopic procedures of ureteroneocystostomy with extracorporeal eversion of the ureteral end. Of these, 4 patients (range, 45 to 54 years) had distal ureter stricture or obstruction after gynecological surgeries for endometriosis or a large uterine myoma.

Preliminary results for continence recovery after intrafascial extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: We present our initial experience and surgical outcomes for the most recent refinement of bilateral intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (nsELRP).

Materials And Methods: Among 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 50 patients underwent intrafascial nsELRP by a single surgeon at Pusan National University Hospital from November 2011 to April 2012. As part of the intrafascial technique, the dissection plane is directly on the prostatic capsule to preserve most of the periprostatic fascia containing small vessels and nerves, endopelvic fascia, neurovascular bundle, and puboprostatic ligament.

Expression analysis and clinical significance of CXCL16/CXCR6 in patients with bladder cancer.

The interactions between chemokines and their receptors are closely involved in the progression and metastasis of cancer. We hypothesized that the CXCL16-CXCR6 ligand-receptor system plays an important role in bladder cancer progression. To evaluate this hypothesis, the expression levels of CXCL16 and CXCR6 were evaluated in 160 patients, including 155 patients with bladder cancer and 5 patients with benign bladder disease.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in Korean children.

Purpose: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is rare among children. In most cases, XGP is diffusely or focally enlarged, mimicking the neoplastic process. The aim of this study was to examine clinical characteristics and outcomes of Korean children with XGP.

Malignant inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder with rapid progression.

A 71-year-old man was referred for painless hematuria and a bladder tumor. Cystoscopy and computed tomography revealed a 3-cm oval nodular mass on the left lateral side of the bladder. The patient underwent a complete transurethral resection of the lesion and histology showed a proliferation of atypical spindle cells with inflammation consistent with a myofibroblastic tumor.

Recovery of overall exercise ability, quality of life, and continence after 12-week combined exercise intervention in elderly patients who underwent radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: To examine the changes from a combined exercise intervention after radical prostatectomy (RP) in elderly patients with prostate cancer, because randomized controlled trials addressing exercise intervention after RP have been lacking.

Methods: From May 2009 to May 2010, all patients who underwent laparoscopic RP were assessed for eligibility. A total of 66 patients were randomized to an exercise or a control group.

Surgical treatment of inferior vena cava invasion in patients with renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma by use of human cadaveric aorta.

We herein report a case of radical nephroureterectomy and replacement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with ahuman cadaveric aortic graft for a patient with renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma associated with IVC infiltration. In advanced disease, radical surgery is essential to achieve long-term survival. This case entails the use of another treatment option among the numerous options currently available for the management of patients with advanced renal cancer associated with IVC invasion.

Prediction of prognosis after radical cystectomy for pathologic node-negative bladder cancer.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors related to bladder cancer recurrence in patients with pathologically negative pelvic lymph nodes.

Methods: We reviewed 192 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer between 1999 and 2009. Patients with pathologically positive pelvic lymph nodes and <6-month follow-up were excluded.

Clinical significance of CXCL16/CXCR6 expression in patients with prostate cancer.

We hypothesized that the CXCL16-CXCR6 ligand-receptor system may play an important role in prostate cancer progression. Levels of CXCL16 and CXCR6 expression were evaluated in prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC), as well as in tissues from 354 patients. The immunohistochemical expression of CXCL16/CXCR6 was greater in the PC-3/LNCaP cells than in the PrEC cell line.

Clinical significance of a large difference (≥ 2 points) between biopsy and post-prostatectomy pathological Gleason scores in patients with prostate cancer.

We investigated the clinical significance of large difference (≥ 2 points) between biopsy-derived (bGS) and post-prostatectomy Gleason scores (pGS). At 14 medical centers in Korea, 1,582 men who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were included. According to the difference between bGS and pGS, the patients were divided into three groups: A (decreased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 30), B (changed in pGS ≤ 1, n = 1,361; control group), and C (increased in pGS ≥ 2, n = 55).