Effect of rosmarinic acid on differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells on titanium surface.

Titanium (Ti) is a widely used biomaterial for dental implants because of its outstanding biocompatibility for hard tissues. Osseointegration, the interaction between implanted biomaterials and living cells in bone, is essential for successful implantation. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a plant-derived phytochemical with low toxicity and side effects and has various effects that can be applied as a therapeutic substance.

Thymosin β4 is associated with bone sialoprotein expression via ERK and Smad3 signaling pathways in MDPC-23 odontoblastic cells.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) regulates the expression of molecules associated with dentinogenesis, including bone sialoprotein (BSP). BSP regulates the initiation of mineralization and the direction of dentin growth. However, the association between Tβ4 signaling and BSP expression in odontoblasts remains unclear.

Thymosin 4 Reduces H₂O₂ Induced Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells on Titanium Surface.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is known to inhibit an inflammatory response and to increase the survival of osteoblasts on titanium (Ti) surfaces. Ti is the most widely used graft material in dentistry; however, an inflammatory response induced following implant placement results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidative stress from the production of ROS such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can damage surrounding cells, resulting in implant failure by decreasing cell viability.

Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of morin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress are associated with the induction of Nrf-2‑mediated HO-1 expression in V79-4 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts.

Natural phytochemicals of plant origin, including flavonoids, have been found to be potent antioxidants providing beneficial effects against oxidative stress-related diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant properties of morin, a flavonoid originally isolated from the flowering plants of the Moraceae family. Superoxide dismutase (SOD)‑like activity and 2,2'‑azino‑bis‑(3‑ethylbenzothiazoline‑6‑sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging activity were determined.

Effect of Thymosin beta4 on the Differentiation and Mineralization of MC3T3-E1 Cell on a Titanium Surface.

Osteoblasts are responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix through the secretion of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins with mineralization. Thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4) is an actin-sequestering peptide that is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. A recent study reported that the inhibition of Tbeta4 mRNA synthesis strongly decreases the level of gene expression of bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ON) and collagen type I (Col I) with mineralization during differentiation in odontoblasts.

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma KB Cells via Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

Preclinical Research Sanguinarine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other plants of the Papaveraceae family, selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells, but its mechanism of action requires further elaboration. The present study investigated the pro-apoptotic effects of sanguinarine in human oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cells. Sanguinarine treatment increased DR5/TRAILR2 (death receptor 5/TRAIL receptor 2) expression and enhanced the activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of its substrate, Bid.

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor promotes differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts on a titanium surface.

Mineralized bone matrix constituted with collagenous and non-collagenous proteins was synthesized by osteoblasts differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a serine protease inhibitor, promotes cell migration and proliferation, and suppresses the inflammatory response. Recent studies reported that SLPI regulates the formation of dentin and mineralization by odontoblasts and increases the adhesion and viability of preosteoblasts on a titanium (Ti) surface.

The Effect of Thymosin β4 for Osteoblast Adhesion on Titanium Surface.

Titanium (Ti) is the most widely used implant material in dentistry and orthopedics but the release of metal ions from Ti implants results in increased bone resorption by enhancing the production of inflammatory cytokines from the macrophages and facilitating osteoclast differentiation. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has several biological activities, such as promoting wound healing, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration in mammalian cells. This study examined the role of Tβ4 in osteoblasts via focal adhesions (FAs) and ERK1/2 signaling related to cell adhesion and proliferation for cell survival on the Ti surface.

660 nm Red LED Induces Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cell.

SLPI acts as a modulator of the innate immune responses of macrophages, neutrophils and odontoblasts, and LPS-inducible anti-inflammatory cytokine to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory products by macrophages. Many studies have revealed the effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the tissue repair and inflammatory responses. Although the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of irradiation with LEDs in gingival fibroblasts are known, the effects of 660 nm red LEDs on the inflammation remain unclear.

Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Increases Focal Adhesion in MC3T3 Osteoblast on Titanium Surface.

An appropriate interaction between implanted materials and the surrounding tissue is essential for successful implantation. Titanium (Ti) and some of its alloys have been used in dentistry and orthopedics as a substitutive material for hard tissue, such as teeth or natural bone. Nevertheless, metal ions released from titanium and alloy implants have adverse biological effects on biological tissues or cells.

Function of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in Odontoblast During Mouse Tooth Development.

Secretory leuckocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is thought as a regulating protein on the synthesis and degradation of matrix proteins. But there was no report of expression and function of SLPI on the tooth development, especially on the odontoblasts. As observed by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis, SLPI was expressed in odontoblasts and predentin on post-natal day 4 (PN4).

Formaldehyde exposure impairs the function and differentiation of NK cells.

We investigated the cytotoxic effects of formaldehyde (FA) on lymphocytes. FA-exposed mice showed a profound reduction not only in the number of natural killer (NK) cells but also in the expression of NK cell-specific receptors, but these mice did not exhibit decreases in the numbers of T or B lymphocytes. FA exposure also induced decreases in NK cytolytic activity and in the expression of NK cell-associated genes, such as IFN-γ, perforin and CD122.

Dynamin II involves in cell migration and actin formation of NIH3T3 cells.

It was previously reported that in Ras transformed NIH3T3 cells, dynamin II acts as an intermediate messenger in the Ras signal transduction pathway leading to membrane ruffling and cell migration. However, these results do not provide sufficient evidence of a relationship between dynamin II and the Ras signal transduction pathway leading to membrane ruffling and cell migration. The results showed that a dynamin II association with myosin II as a signaling molecule is involved in NIH3T3 cell migration through the Ras/PI3K signaling pathway, and is associated with the p85 subunit of PI3K.

Expression of thymosin β4 in odontoblasts during mouse tooth development.

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is expressed in developing tissue, where it stimulates cell differentiation and migration. Further, Tβ4 is expressed during molar development in mice, but the expression and function of Tβ4 in odontoblasts during mammalian tooth development have not yet been reported. Therefore, this study examined the expression and function of Tβ4 in differentiating odontoblasts during tooth development.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a therapeutic target for impaired cutaneous wound healing.

Impaired wound healing states lead to substantial morbidity and cost with treatment resulting in an expenditure of billions of dollars per annum in the U.S. alone.

Hyaluronic acid immobilization on the poly-allylamine coated nano-network TiO2 surface.

Recently, biocompatibility report revealed that the TiO2 nano-network (TiO2 NT) structure has much higher cells colonization than the native TiO2 on Ti surface. In this study, we prepared the hyaluronic acid (HA) immobilized TiO2 NT layer by plasma surface modification and then evaluated biological behavior of MC3T3-E1 on the Ti, TiO2 NT and TiO2 NT/NH2/HA surface. The cell viability tests revealed slightly enhanced viability on the TiO2 NT/NH2/HA surfaces than on the untreated Ti surfaces.

Expression of dynamin II in odontoblast during mouse tooth development.

Odontoblasts secrete a collagen-based matrix and release numerous membrane-bound matrix vesicles, which are involved in dentin formation during tooth development. Dynamin II is a GTPase protein that contributes a variety of vesicular budding events, such as endocytotic membrane fission, caveolae internalization and protein trafficking in the Golgi apparatus. However, the expression and function of dynamin II in odontoblasts has not been reported.

Delayed healing and induction of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in polycystic ovary syndrome rat skin wounds.

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) and estrogen promote wound healing through a decrease in the excessive inflammatory response, accelerating re-epithelialization and increasing the amount of collagen deposition. The excessive administration of estradiol valerate (EV) using hormonal therapy decreases the concentration of estrogen abruptly and induces the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this study, the PCOS rat skin wound area was wider than that of the normal groups and the rate of keratinocyte migration in PCOS was lower than the normal group.

Induction of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovary.

The excessive administration of estradiol valerate induces polycystic ovary syndrome by formation of follicular cysts. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) promotes wound healing by decreasing the excessive inflammatory response, stimulating keratinocyte proliferation and increasing collagen deposition through the inhibition of protease activity. In this study, SLPI expression was high in the ovarian stroma, corpus luteum, unilaminar primary follicle, multilaminar primary follicle and granulose layer of the antral follicle in polycystic ovary (PCO) compared to the normal ovary.

Therapeutic effect of total ginseng saponin on skin wound healing.

In this study, we investigated the effects of total ginseng saponin (TGS) on the cutaneous wound healing process using histological analysis. A total of 24 ICR mice, 5-weeks-old, were used for all in vivo experiments. Mice were divided into control and TGS-treated groups and four equidistant 1-cm full-thickness dorsal incisional wounds were created.

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is associated with MMP-2 and MMP-9 to promote migration and invasion in SNU638 gastric cancer cells.

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) protects tissue from proteases, and promotes cell proliferation and healing during inflammatory response. SLPI is also overexpressed in gastric, lung and ovarian cancers, which accelerates the metastasis of cancer cells. Matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are overexpressed in high metastatic cancers, and promote the migration of cancer cells through collagen degradation.

Therapeutic effect of korean red ginseng extract on infertility caused by polycystic ovaries.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Nerve growth factor (NGF) may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In this study, we investigated the effect of Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) on the ovarian morphology and NGF expression in an estradiol valerate (EV)-induced rat model.

Temporal induction of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in odontoblasts by lipopolysaccharide and wound infection.

Introduction: The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced product of macrophages that antagonizes the LPS-induced activation of a number of proinflammatory signaling factors. From our previous experiments, it was found that SLPI was expressed slightly in odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23). Therefore, these experiments were designed to determine the function of SLPI in MDPC-23 and odontoblasts during the inflammatory response caused by infections and wounds.

Effect of Korean red ginseng extract in a steroid-induced polycystic ovary murine model.

Experimental induction of polycystic ovary (PCO) in rodent resembling some aspects of human PCO syndrome was produced using the long-acting compound estradiol valerate (EV). Our previous study on the role of Korean red ginseng total saponins in a steroid-induced PCO rat model demonstrated that electro-acupuncture modulates nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the ovaries. In fact, the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of PCO-related ovarian dysfunction is preceded by an increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovaries.

Differential expression of system L amino acid transporters during wound healing process in the skin of young and old rats.

Unlabelled: In order to elucidate the role of the system L-type amino acid transporters (LATs) in the wound healing process of aged and young subjects, we investigated the expression of LAT1, LAT2 and their subunit 4F2hc in the skin healing process after artificial wounds of dorsal skin in the young and old rats.

Methods: The 1 cm full-thickness incisional wounds were made through the skin and panniculus carnosus muscle. The wounds were harvested at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post-wounding, the experimental controls were harvested the skin of rat without wounds and the various analyses were performed.