Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cardiovascular autonomic nervous system control: A meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic system (ANS) may be affected by altered neural activations in the brain. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated potential effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols on cardiovascular ANS control.

Methods: Through 19 qualified studies, we acquired 70 comparisons for data synthesis.

Voluntary exercise training improves body weight of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice by altering hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and deleted in breast cancer 1 protein levels.

Purpose: Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) ablation causes obesity, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) induces the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. This study examined whether voluntary wheel running (VWR) alters SCD-1 and DBC1 protein levels in the liver of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice.

Methods: Twenty-five Ob/Ob mice were divided into two groups (ob/ob-Sed and ob/ob-Ex).

Protection against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction Is Not Maintained Following Prolonged Autophagy Inhibition.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various cancer types. Nevertheless, it is well known that DOX promotes the development of severe cardiovascular complications. Therefore, investigation into the underlying mechanisms that drive DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is necessary to develop therapeutic countermeasures.

Functional Balance and Postural Control Improvements in Patients With Stroke After Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: A Meta-analysis.

Objectives: The postural imbalance poststroke limits individuals' walking abilities as well as increase the risk of falling. We investigated the short-term treatment effects of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on functional balance and postural control in patients with stroke.

Data Sources: We started the search via PubMed and the Institute for Scientific Information's Web of Science on March 1, 2019 and concluded the search on April 30, 2019.

The relationship between arterial stiffness and maximal oxygen consumption in healthy young adults.

Objective: Arterial stiffness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in various populations. There was little research on the relationship between arterial stiffness and maximal aerobic capacity (VO) in healthy young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO and arterial stiffness in young adults.

Effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic fitness in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Aging and diabetes are associated with decreased aerobic fitness, an independent predictor of mortality. Aerobic exercise is prescribed to improve aerobic fitness; however, middle-aged/older diabetic patients often suffer from mobility limitations which restrict walking. Non-weight-bearing/low-impact exercise is recommended but the optimal exercise prescription is uncertain.

Effect of combined circuit exercise on arterial stiffness in hypertensive postmenopausal women: a local public health center-based pilot study.

Objective: Postmenopausal women have increased arterial stiffness compared with premenopausal women. Regular physical activity including aerobic and resistance exercises are recommended to lower cardiovascular disease risk and to enhance musculoskeletal health in these women. This study examined the effect of combined circuit exercise on arterial stiffness in hypertensive postmenopausal women.

The effects of exercise on vascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia and elevated insulin resistance is a potent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and likely contributes to multiple chronic disease complications associated with aging. The aim of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise on endothelial function (EF) in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched (until June 2017) for studies that met the following criteria: (i) randomized controlled trials; (ii) T2D aged ≥ 18 years; (iii) measured EF by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD); (iv) structured and supervised exercise intervention for ≥ 8 weeks.

Insulin resistance: vascular function and exercise.

Insulin resistance associated with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an epidemic metabolic disorder, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Impaired vascular endothelial function is an early marker for atherosclerosis, which causes cardiovascular complications. Both experimental and clinical studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction in vasculatures occurs with insulin resistance.

All-Extremity Exercise Training Improves Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults.

Unlabelled: Large elastic arteries stiffen with age, which predisposes older adults to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training is known to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease, but the optimal exercise prescription for attenuating large elastic arterial stiffening in older adults is not known.

Purpose: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid artery compliance in older adults.

Novel all-extremity high-intensity interval training improves aerobic fitness, cardiac function and insulin resistance in healthy older adults.

Aging is associated with decreased aerobic fitness and cardiac remodeling leading to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the treadmill has been reported to be more effective in ameliorating these risk factors compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in patients with cardiometabolic disease. In older adults, however, weight-bearing activities are frequently limited due to musculoskeletal and balance problems.

Acute effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism on vascular function in healthy older adults.

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation by aldosterone may regulate vascular function in health or contribute to vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Whether the effects are beneficial or detrimental to vascular function appear to be dependent on the integrity of the vascular endothelium and whether the responses are short-term or chronic. Acute modulation of MR activation has resulted in conflicting outcomes on vascular function in young healthy adults.

Effect of Selective Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade on Flow-Mediated Dilation and Insulin Resistance in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is especially high in older adults. Metabolic syndrome is associated with impaired vascular endothelial function, insulin resistance, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Plasma aldosterone is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and is linked to endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance.

Increased mitochondrial emission of reactive oxygen species and calpain activation are required for doxorubicin-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathy.

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anti-tumour agent used to treat a variety of cancers, DOX administration is associated with significant side effects, including myopathy of both cardiac and skeletal muscles. The mechanisms responsible for DOX-mediated myopathy remain a topic of debate. We tested the hypothesis that both increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission and activation of the cysteine protease calpain are required for DOX-induced myopathy in rat cardiac and skeletal muscle.

Higher levels of adiponectin in vascular endothelial cells are associated with greater brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in older adults.

Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects on the vascular endothelium. Recently adiponectin protein has been reported in murine vascular endothelial cells, however, whether adiponectin is present in human vascular endothelial cells remains unexplored. We sought to examine 1) adiponectin protein in vascular endothelial cells collected from older adults free of overt cardiovascular disease; 2) the relation between endothelial cell adiponectin and in vivo vascular endothelial function; and 3) the relation between endothelial cell adiponectin, circulating (plasma) adiponectin and related factors.

Type 2 Diabetes: Endothelial dysfunction and Exercise.

Purpose: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis characterized by decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. Recently, some animal models and in vitro trials demonstrated that excessive superoxide production from mitochondria within vascular endothelial cells played a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. This review provides a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of exercise to identify effective approaches to recognize diabetes risk and prevent progression to heart disease.

Mineralocorticoid receptors modulate vascular endothelial function in human obesity.

Obesity increases linearly with age and is associated with impaired vascular endothelial function and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. MRs (mineralocorticoid receptors) contribute to impaired vascular endothelial function in cardiovascular disease; however, their role in uncomplicated human obesity is unknown. Because plasma aldosterone levels are elevated in obesity and adipocytes may be a source of aldosterone, we hypothesized that MRs modulate vascular endothelial function in older adults in an adiposity-dependent manner.

Role of mineralocorticoid receptors in arterial stiffness in human aging.

Arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, is increased in aging, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) may contribute to oxidative stress and arterial stiffness in healthy older adults. To test the hypothesis that short-term MR blockade may reduce oxidative stress and improve arterial stiffness, we conducted a randomized, double blind, crossover study using the selective MR blocker Eplerenone or placebo in 23 older adults (age, 64±1 years; mean±SE) free from overt cardiovascular and other clinical disease (e.

Vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to nitric oxide is reduced in healthy adults with increased adiposity.

Vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to nitric oxide, as assessed by nitroglycerin-induced dilation (NID), is impaired in clinical cardiovascular disease, but its relation to adiposity is unknown. We determined the relation of NID to total and abdominal adiposity in healthy adults varying widely in adiposity. In 224 men and women [age, 18-79 years; body mass index (BMI), 16.