Smartwatch-based functional assessment for upper extremity impairment after musculoskeletal injuries: A pilot study.

Introduction: Wearable sensors are increasingly applied to rehabilitation for arm movement analysis. However, simple and clinically relevant applications are scarce.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility of single smart watch-based parameters for functional assessment in upper limb rehabilitation for musculoskeletal injuries using a commercial smart watch.

Reduction in limb-movement complexity at term-equivalent age is associated with motor developmental delay in very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants.

Reduced complexity during the writhing period can be crucial in the spontaneous movements of high-risk infants for neurologic impairment. This study aimed to verify the association between quantified complexity of upper and lower-limb movements at term-equivalent age and motor development in very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants. Video images of spontaneous movements at term-equivalent age were collected from very-preterm or very-low-birth-weight infants.

Deciphering Functional Connectivity Differences Between Motor Imagery and Execution of Target-Oriented Grasping.

This study aimed to delineate overlapping and distinctive functional connectivity in visual motor imagery, kinesthetic motor imagery, and motor execution of target-oriented grasping action of the right hand. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 18 right-handed healthy individuals during each condition. Seed-based connectivity and multi-voxel pattern analyses were employed after selecting seed regions with the left primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area.

Six-minute walking distance reference value for healthy Indonesian children: A cross-sectional study from the largest country in South East Asia.

Introduction: There is no global reference value for the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) in paediatric populations, as it can vary greatly depending on local characteristics and anthropometric measures. This study aimed to identify a 6MWD reference value that could be applied in both local and regional settings.

Method: This cross-sectional multicentre study investigated a healthy paediatric population aged 4-18 years in Indonesia.

Gene Expression Profile Changes in the Stimulated Rat Brain Cortex After Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is gaining popularity as a research tool in neuroscience; however, little is known about its molecular mechanisms of action. The present study aimed to investigate the rTMS-induced transcriptomic changes; we performed microarray messenger RNA, micro RNA, and integrated analyses to explore these molecular events. Eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a single session of unilateral rTMS at 1 Hz (n = 4) or sham (n = 4).

Exploring user perspectives on a robotic arm with brain-machine interface: A qualitative focus group study.

Brain-machine Interface (BMI) is a system that translates neuronal data into an output variable to control external devices such as a robotic arm. A robotic arm can be used as an assistive living device for individuals with tetraplegia. To reflect users' needs in the development process of the BMI robotic arm, our team followed an interactive approach to system development, human-centered design, and Human Activity Assistive Technology model.

Impact of Cerebellar Injury on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preterm Infants With Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: We aimed to analyze brain imaging findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants diagnosed with cerebral palsy.

Design: Brain magnetic resonance imaging of preterm infants born between 23 and 32 wks' gestation and diagnosed with cerebral palsy at 2 yrs of corrected age were evaluated. Brain lesions were categorized as periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and cerebellar hemorrhage and graded by the severity.

Rehabilitation outcome in people with spinal cord injuries resulting from diving in South Korea.

Study Design: Retrospective electronic medical record review combined with a telephone interview.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the neurological and socio-professional outcomes of patients with diving injuries of the cervical spine.

Setting: A tertiary hospital and its affiliated rehabilitation hospital in South Korea.

Deep learning-based quantitative analyses of spontaneous movements and their association with early neurological development in preterm infants.

This study aimed to develop quantitative assessments of spontaneous movements in high-risk preterm infants based on a deep learning algorithm. Video images of spontaneous movements were recorded in very preterm infants at the term-equivalent age. The Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) was performed in infants at 4 months of corrected age.

Trends in burden of work-related upper limb amputation in South Korea, 2004-2013: a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the burden of work-related upper limb amputation in Korea over a 10-year period and assess its trend.

Design: Ecological study.

Setting: National level data in Korea between 2004 and 2013.

Target-oriented motor imagery for grasping action: different characteristics of brain activation between kinesthetic and visual imagery.

Motor imagery (MI) for target-oriented movements, which is a basis for functional activities of daily living, can be more appropriate than non-target-oriented MI as tasks to promote motor recovery or brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. This study aimed to explore different characteristics of brain activation among target-oriented kinesthetic imagery (KI) and visual imagery (VI) in the first-person (VI-1) and third-person (VI-3) perspectives. Eighteen healthy volunteers were evaluated for MI ability, trained for the three types of target-oriented MIs, and scanned using 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under MI and perceptual control conditions, presented in a block design.

Emerging Issues in Cerebral Palsy Associated With Aging: A Physiatrist Perspective.

The population of adults diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasing along with the survival rate of children born with the disability. Adults with CP need health services for the continued monitoring and management of their condition. Moreover, the development of additional health problems in adulthood increases the need for ongoing access to health services.

Differential kinematic features of the hyoid bone during swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease.

This study aimed to investigate spatiotemporal characteristics of the hyoid bone during swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dysphagia. Spatiotemporal data of the hyoid bone was obtained from videofluoroscopic images of 69 subjects (23 patients with PD, 23 age- and sex-matched healthy elderly controls, and 23 healthy young controls). Normalized profiles of displacement/velocity were analyzed during different periods (percentile) of swallowing using functional regression analysis, and the maximal values were compared between the groups.

Inertial Measurement Unit Based Upper Extremity Motion Characterization for Action Research Arm Test and Activities of Daily Living.

In practical rehabilitation robot development, it is imperative to pre-specify the critical workspace to prevent redundant structure. This study aimed to characterize the upper extremity motion during essential activities in daily living. An IMU-based wearable motion capture system was used to access arm movements.

Trends in the incidence of work-related traumatic limb amputations in South Korea from 2004 to 2013.

Background: Epidemiological data for work-related traumatic limb amputations are limited worldwide, particularly incidence trends related to workplace characteristics.

Objectives: To investigate nationwide incidence rates and trends for amputations according to industry and establishment size.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Feasibility of intraoperative monitoring of motor evoked potentials obtained through transcranial electrical stimulation in infants younger than 3 months.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and safety of intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring in infants less than 3 months of age.

Methods: The authors investigated 25 cases in which infants younger than 3 months (mean age 72.8 days, range 39-87) underwent neurosurgery between 2014 and 2017.

Vision-aided brain-machine interface training system for robotic arm control and clinical application on two patients with cervical spinal cord injury.

Background: While spontaneous robotic arm control using motor imagery has been reported, most previous successful cases have used invasive approaches with advantages in spatial resolution. However, still many researchers continue to investigate methods for robotic arm control with noninvasive neural signal. Most of noninvasive control of robotic arm utilizes P300, steady state visually evoked potential, N2pc, and mental tasks differentiation.

Sarcopenia among Adults with Cerebral Palsy in South Korea.

Background: Most adults with cerebral palsy encounter newly developing physical health problems and premature functional decline with aging. These physical and functional losses along with the characteristic symptoms of cerebral palsy may heighten the risk of sarcopenia.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia among a selected group of adults with cerebral palsy and to identify the factors associated with their sarcopenia among them.

Dysphagia-Related Quality of Life in Adults with Cerebral Palsy on Full Oral Diet Without Enteral Nutrition.

There have been no quantitative studies on dysphagia and its impact on quality of life (QOL) of adults with cerebral palsy (CP). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of dysphagia symptoms and their impact on QOL in adults with CP on a full oral diet compared with healthy adults. Additionally, we aimed to determine the factors affecting dysphagia-related QOL in this population.

A New Functional Scale and Ambulatory Functional Classification of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Scale Development and Preliminary Analyses of Reliability and Validity.

Objective: To develop a simplified functional scale and classification system to evaluate the functional abilities of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

Methods: A Comprehensive Functional Scale for DMD (CFSD) was developed using the modified Delphi method. The accompanying Ambulatory Functional Classification System for DMD (AFCSD) was developed based on previously published classification systems.