Protective Mechanisms of Avocado Oil Extract Against Ototoxicity.

Despite the excellent antimicrobial activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics, permanent inner ear damage associated with the use of these drugs has resulted in the need to develop strategies to address the ototoxic risk given their widespread use. In a previous study, we showed that avocado oil protects ear hair cells from damage caused by neomycin. However, the detailed mechanism by which this protection occurs is still unclear.

Automated single cardiomyocyte characterization by nucleus extraction from dynamic holographic images using a fully convolutional neural network.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) beating can be efficiently characterized by time-lapse quantitative phase imaging (QPIs) obtained by digital holographic microscopy. Particularly, the CM's nucleus section can precisely reflect the associated rhythmic beating pattern of the CM suitable for subsequent beating pattern characterization. In this paper, we describe an automated method to characterize single CMs by nucleus extraction from QPIs and subsequent beating pattern reconstruction and quantification.

Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Oxidative Injury in Primary Hippocampal Neurons through Suppressing GluN2B Expression.

Oxidative stress is known to be critically implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke. The remarkable neurotrophic activity of which has been reported consistently in a series of our previous studies, inspired us to investigate whether this popular agarophyte could protect against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced oxidative injury in hippocampal neurons. The primary culture of hippocampal neurons challenged with H/R suffered from a significant loss of cell survival, accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis, DNA damage, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), which were successfully attenuated when the neuronal cultures were preconditioned with ethanolic extract of (GAE).

Clinicopathological and survival analyses of primary cutaneous angiosarcoma in an Asian population: prognostic value of the clinical features of skin lesions.

Background: Primary cutaneous angiosarcoma (CA) is a rare but aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence. This study was designed to analyze the clinicopathological features of primary CA and identify factors of cutaneous manifestations associated with the prognosis of angiosarcoma.

Methods: Medical records of 55 patients with primary CA were retrospectively analyzed to investigate clinical features, survivals, and prognostic factors.

Evaluating Reasons for Revision Surgery and Device Failure Rates in Patients Who Underwent Cochlear Implantation Surgery.

Importance: Understanding the reasons for cochlear implant (CI) revision surgery and device failure rates is important for clinicians when counseling patients who are considering CI.

Objectives: To analyze the revision surgery rate, reasons for revision surgery, and device failure and survival rates of different device models in recipients of CIs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, cochlear implants at Samsung Medical Center, a tertiary referral center, were retrospectively reviewed.

Outcomes of bedside peripherally inserted central catheter placement: a retrospective study at a single institution.

Background: Bedside insertion of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) has higher rates of malposition than fluoroscopic-guided PICC placement. This study evaluated the success rate of bedside PICC placement, variations in tip location, and risk factors for malposition.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent bedside PICC placement from January 2013 to September 2014 in a single institution.

Hearing loss is associated with cortical thinning in cognitively normal older adults.

Background And Purpose: Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most influential risk factors of dementia in older adults. However, its potential association with neurodegeneration is not well established. The association between HL and cortical thickness in cognitively normal older adults was evaluated.

Clinical features and treatment of endolymphatic sac tumor.

Endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) is an extremely rare disease that does not have established clinical guidelines. To provide guidance for the diagnosis and management of ELSTs. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were suspected to have a lesion in the location of endolymphatic sac.

Effects of Vibrant Soundbridge on tinnitus accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss.

Objectives: Tinnitus is a common symptom among patients with hearing loss, and many studies have reported successful tinnitus suppression with hearing devices. Active middle ear implantation of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) is a good alternative to existing hearing devices. This study evaluated the effects of VSB implantation on tinnitus and sought to identify the main audiological factor that affects tinnitus suppression.

CYP2C9 and CYP2C19: Deep Mutational Scanning and Functional Characterization of Genomic Missense Variants.

Single nucleotide variants in the open reading frames (ORFs) of pharmacogenes are important causes of interindividual variability in drug response. The functional characterization of variants of unknown significance within ORFs remains a major challenge for pharmacogenomics. Deep mutational scanning (DMS) is a high-throughput technique that makes it possible to analyze the functional effect of hundreds of variants in a parallel and scalable fashion.

Academic Performance, Communication, and Psychosocial Development of Prelingual Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants in Mainstream Schools.

Background And Objectives: To assess the academic performance, communication skills, and psychosocial development of prelingual deaf children with cochlear implants (CIs) attending mainstream schools, and to evaluate the impact of auditory speech perception on their classroom performance. Subjects and.

Methods: As participant, 67 children with CI attending mainstream schools were included.

Trends of the prevalence and incidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Korea: A nationwide population-based cohort study.

Temporal trends of the prevalence and incidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have not been well established in Asian populations. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Services database, we identified patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCM between 2010 and 2016. The annual prevalence and incidence of HCM, and their clinical characteristics were investigated.

A Retrospective Review of Temporal Bone Computed Tomography to Present Safe Guideline for Bone-Anchored Hearing Aids.

Objectives: Bone-anchored hearing device (BAHD) is contraindicated in patients younger than 5 years because their calvarial bones are not thick enough to be implanted site. However, it has not been studied in the Korean population. This study was not only to establish a safe guideline for depth of implant device in all age groups who undergo BAHD implant surgery, but also to investigate whether implantation of currently used BAHDs could be done safely in Korean children, especially those younger than 5.

Effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on activation of swallowing-related muscles.

Background: The pharyngeal phase is a particularly important clinical factor related to swallowing dysfunctions. Head and neck posture, as well as bolus volume, are important factors affecting the pharyngeal stages of normal swallowing.

Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on the activation of swallowing-related muscles.

Spinogenesis and Synaptogenesis Effects of the Red Seaweed and Its Isolated Cholesterol on Hippocampal Neuron Cultures.

Neurotrophic factors promote the formation of spines and synapses in neuron development and maintenance. Synaptic connections enhance memory in the brain. In this study, the effects of ethanolic extract (EKA) and its isolated cholesterol (iCHOL) on spinogenesis and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neurons were evaluated.

Global warming changes tropical cyclone translation speed.

Slow-moving tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause heavy rain because of their duration of influence. Combined with expected increase in rain rates associated with TCs in a warmer climate, there is growing interest in TC translation speed in the past and future. Here we present that a slowdown trend of the translation speed is not simulated for the period 1951-2011 based on historical model simulations.

A Novel Heterozygous Missense Variant (c.667G>T;p.Gly223Cys) in That Interferes With Cadherin-Related 23 and Harmonin Interaction Causes Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss.

Background: Pathogenic variants of , encoding a PDZ-domain-containing protein called harmonin, have been known to cause autosomal recessive syndromic or nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). We identified a causative gene in a large Korean family with NSHL showing a typical pattern of autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance.

Methods: Exome sequencing was performed for five affected and three unaffected individuals in this family.

A Personal Sound Amplification Product Compared to a Basic Hearing Aid for Speech Intelligibility in Adults with Mild-to-Moderate Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to compare functional hearing with the use of a personal sound amplification product (PSAP) or a basic hearing aid (HA) among sensorineural hearing impaired listeners. Subjects and.

Methods: Nineteen participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (26-55 dB HL; pure-tone average, 0.

Structural and Dynamic Characterizations Highlight the Deleterious Role of SULT1A1 R213H Polymorphism in Substrate Binding.

Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) is responsible for catalyzing various types of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Accumulating data indicates that the polymorphism rs9282861 (R213H) is responsible for inefficient enzymatic activity and associated with cancer progression. To characterize the detailed functional consequences of this mutation behind the loss-of-function of SULT1A1, the present study deployed molecular dynamics simulation to get insights into changes in the conformation and binding energy.

3β, 6β-dichloro-5-hydroxy-5α-cholestane facilitates neuronal development through modulating TrkA signaling regulated proteins in primary hippocampal neuron.

Potentiating neuritogenesis through pharmacological intervention might hold therapeutic promise in neurodegenerative disorders and acute brain injury. Here, we investigated the novel neuritogenic potentials of a steroidal chlorohydrin, 3β, 6β-dichloro-5-hydroxy-5α-cholestane (hereafter, SCH) and the change in cellular proteome to gain insight into the underlying mechanism of its neurotrophic activity in hippocampal neurons. Morphometric analysis showed that SCH promoted early neuronal differentiation, dendritic arborization and axonal maturation.

A comparison of endolymphatic shunt surgery and intratympanic gentamicin for meniere's disease.

Objective: To report audiovestibular outcomes following endolymphatic shunt surgery (ELS) and intratympanic gentamicin injections (ITG) in patients with Meniere's disease (MD).

Study Design: Retrospective matched cohort study METHODS: Patients with MD refractory to medical management between 2004 and 2017 were reviewed: 44 patients underwent ELS and had outcomes available, while 27 patients underwent ITG and had outcomes available. Mean follow-up durations for the ELS and ITG groups were 39.