Vibrio cholerae non-O1 bacteraemia: description of three cases in the Netherlands and a literature review.

Vibrio cholerae non-O1 serogroup (VCNO) bacteraemia is a severe condition with a high case-fatality rate. We report three cases diagnosed in the Netherlands, identified during a national microbiological congress, and provide a literature review on VCNO bacteraemia. A search strategy including synonyms for 'VCNO' and 'bacteraemia' was applied to PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases.

Diagnostic testing for Legionnaires' disease in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2009: a possible cause for the decline in reported Legionnaires' disease patients.

Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an acute pneumonia caused by the inhalation or aspiration of aerosols contaminated with the Legionella bacteria. In the Netherlands, around 300 LD cases per year were reported between 2000 and 2008, but in 2009, the number dropped to 251, which was the lowest number in the previous 5 years of surveillance. We investigated if this decrease could be explained by the number of performed Legionella diagnostic tests in this year.

Brain abscess associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major pathogen in localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans has been found in various extra oral infections and most frequently in endocarditis.

[Recurrence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea prevented by the administration of a whey concentrate from specifically immunised cows; prospective study].

Objective: To try to prevent recurrences of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) by treatment with a specific neutralising secretory IgA-enriched whey-protein concentrate (40%) made from the milk of cows immunised with C. difficile and its toxins.

Design: Prospective, non-blinded, clinical cohort study.

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare otomastoiditis: case report and literature review.

Otomastoiditis caused by Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) is rare. Sub-optimal management of this condition can lead to significant morbidity and serious damage to the middle ear. Diagnosis is difficult, especially since most physicians are not familiar with the mode of presentation and symptoms.

Bordetella pertussis and mixed infections.

Aim: In pertussis-like respiratory infections, once pertussis has been laboratory confirmed, other potential causative pathogens will seldom be looked for. Probably most mixed infections are found accidentally and since these mixed infections might cause a more severe disease we performed a retrospective study of their incidence.

Methods: We selected from 2 groups of patients with serologically confirmed Bordetella (B.

Proteus mirabilis spondylodiscitis complicating a urinary tract infection.

Infectious spondylodiscitis results from local or haematogenous infection by microorganisms of intervertebral disc spaces, vertebral bodies and surrounding structures. Haematogenous invasion may follow urosepsis. We report on a case of septic spondylodiscitis following urosepsis with Proteus mirabilis, a frequently isolated microorganism in urinary tract infections but rarely in spondylodiscitis.

Community-acquired pathogens associated with prolonged coughing in children: a prospective cohort study.

A 2-year prospective study was performed of children with prolonged coughing to investigate the frequency of different respiratory pathogens, the rate of mixed infections, and possible differences in severity of disease between single and mixed infections. Sera from 135 children (136 episodes of prolonged coughing lasting 1-6 weeks) were tested for antibodies to different viruses and bacteria. Swabs were taken for culture and PCR to detect different viral and bacterial pathogens.