A prospective study to evaluate high dose daptomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in spp. infective endocarditis.

Background: Daptomycin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data relative to higher doses in patients are necessary for clinical practice.

Objectives: A monocentric, prospective study that enrolled patients with a diagnosis of spp. infective endocarditis treated with daptomycin according to clinical practice, to evaluate the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of different daptomycin daily doses (group A: 8-10 and group B: 11-12 mg/kg).

Port-a-Cath Infection of : First Italian Case Report.

is a Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) belonging to the group, often associated with veterinary diseases, such as bovine farcy. However, it can also cause human infections and appears to be involved in Catheter-Associated Infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we report the first Italian isolation of a strain of from a 16-year-old oncological female patient being treated at Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia (Italy).

Uncommon finding in a pulmonary graft versus host disease: A first report of Tsukamurella pneumonia in a pulmonary graft-versus-host disease.

A 64-year-old woman presented to Our Department with 2 weeks history of fever and cough. Through a series of radiological and invasive diagnostic studies we finally reach an unexpected diagnosis of ; Diagnosing an ILD is a dynamic process, and that is the reason why complex cases discussed in a multidisciplinary team may need to be reconsidered in light of evolution of the disease and the results of the performed exams with a flexible approach. is an obligate aerobic, Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast, non-motile bacillus that belongs to the order Pneumonia caused by is exceedingly rare, and only few cases are reported in the literature.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Assays to Evaluate Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Biofilm Production in Bloodstream Infections.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commensal on human body surfaces and, for years, they were not considered a cause of bloodstream infection and were often regarded as contamination. However, the involvement of CoNS in nosocomial infection is increasingly being recognized. The insertion of cannulas and intravascular catheters represents the primary source of CoNS entry into the bloodstream, causing bacteremia and sepsis.

The possible role of serum bactericidal titres in long-term suppressive antibiotic treatment for infective endocarditis: report of three cases.

Introduction: long term suppressive antibiotic treatment may be the only feasible option for patients with infective endocarditis (IE) not suitable for surgery.

Case Reports: we present three cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) caused by and which could not undergo surgical intervention due to high risk. Despite this, patients were successfully managed only by medical approach.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Sparked Off a Large-Scale Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from the Endemic Strains at an Italian Hospital.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that poses a serious threat due to the rise of incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MDR A. baumannii clones have caused several outbreaks worldwide.

Is a radiological score needed to define the severity of Nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease?

High-resolution CT-scan (HRCT) plays a major role in the diagnosis of Nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD), but its role in follow-up is controversial. Our aim was first to conceive a radiological score able to quantify the severity of pulmonary involvement by NTM infection and, second, to check its association with the NTM-LD clinical burden. We also intended, if possible, to verify the potential influence of NTM specific treatment on the radiological score.

Daptomycin Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Patients on Methadone Substitution Therapy.

Background And Objective: When administered for severe infections in intravenous drug users (IDUs) at a daily dose of 6 mg/kg, daptomycin displayed abnormal pharmacokinetic parameters compared with those seen in healthy volunteers; specifically, decreased trough and maximum concentrations (C; C) and increased clearance (CL). The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of daptomycin administered at a daily dosage of 12 mg/kg for Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) in patients concomitantly treated with methadone, and to compare the results with those published in the literature for healthy controls treated with the same daily dose.

Methods: Antibiotic treatment included daptomycin (12 mg/kg daily) in combination with an antistaphylococcal β-lactam (cefazolin 2 g three times a day).

An eight-year experience of Nocardia infection in Italy: does immunosuppression matter?

Nocardia has always been considered a pathogen of the immunocompromised host, but recent evidence has also highlighted its role as a pathogen in the immunocompetent. We aim to assess the role of immunosuppression in the disease. We reviewed all the cases of infections due to Nocardia spp.

Disseminated Infection in a Child with Complete Interferon-γ Receptor 1 Deficiency due to Compound Heterozygosis of for a Subpolymorphic Copy Number Variation and a Novel Splice-Site Variant.

Complete interferon-γ receptor 1 deficiency is a monogenic primary immunodeficiency caused by germline defects, with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, which results in invasive mycobacterial diseases with varying degrees of severity. Most of the autosomal recessive mutations are homozygous loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants, whereas large genomic deletions and compound heterozygosity have been very rarely reported. Herein we describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and successful treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of a child with disseminated infection due to compound heterozygosity for a subpolymorphic copy number variation and a novel splice-site variant.

Prevention of nosocomial legionellosis by best water management: comparison of three decontamination methods.

Background: Since 2000, the National Health System has adopted international guidelines for assessing Legionella spp. in hospital water systems. The control of water contamination by Legionella spp.

Ozonized Gel Against Four Species: A Pilot Study and Clinical Perspectives.

Ozone therapy can display a wide range of clinical beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, immune-stimulant, analgesic, anti-hypoxic actions. However, there is still a paucity of data regarding the ozone fungicide activity. Oral is the most common fungal infection in the mouth among denture wearers and people with weakened immune systems.

Migrations do not modify Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance rates: a 20-year retrospective study.

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by resistant strains is becoming a public health concern also in high-income countries. In Pavia province, Northern Italy, the prevalence of foreign-born has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, it is unclear if this has modified epidemiology and resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Efficacy of intraventricular amikacin treatment in pan-resistant postsurgical meningitis.

Background: We describe a case of pan-resistant postsurgical meningitis associated with the presence of an external ventricular device. We changed therapy twice; finally, by using amikacin and a continuous infusion of cefepime, we obtained clinical improvement.

Case Presentation: A female patient, who underwent surgery for a cavernous angioma, presented with meningitis.

Glycosylation of Recombinant Antigenic Proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: In Silico Prediction of Protein Epitopes and Ex Vivo Biological Evaluation of New Semi-Synthetic Glycoconjugates.

Tuberculosis is still one of the most deadly infectious diseases worldwide, and the use of conjugated antigens, obtained by combining antigenic oligosaccharides, such as the lipoarabinomannane (LAM), with antigenic proteins from (MTB), has been proposed as a new strategy for developing efficient vaccines. In this work, we investigated the effect of the chemical glycosylation on two recombinant MTB proteins produced in with an additional seven-amino acid tag (recombinant Ag85B and TB10.4).

Colistin inhibits E. coli O157:H7 Shiga-like toxin release, binds endotoxins and protects Vero cells.

The role of antibiotics in the treatment of Shiga-like toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli infection is still controversial. This study investigated the effects of colistin on Vero cell cytotoxicity caused by the enterohemorrhagic EC O157:H7, and the effects of colistin on Stx and endotoxin release by EC O157:H7.

Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of SIAB-GV3.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect of the compound SIAB-GV3, a new formulation presenting as an aqueous suspension of silicon dioxide (SiO2) functionalized with silver (Ag+) nanoparticles and benzalkonium. The product is formulated as an adjuvant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. This study demonstrates that SIAB-GV3 possesses strong antimicrobial activity against most of the common oral pathogens, in particular against Streptococcus pyogenes, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinimycetemcomitans.

Chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine-impregnated central venous catheters: in vitro antibacterial activity and impact on bacterial adhesion.

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro activity and the impact on bacterial adhesion of two different catheters, one impregnated with chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine (C-SS) and the other not impregnated with antibacterial agents. The antimicrobial coating prevented the bacterial colonization by slime positive Staphylococcus epidermidis in the first two days. The antibacterial activity of the effluents from catheters impregnated with C-SS dissipated by day seven.

In vitro activity of sagamicin against ocular bacterial isolates.

The in vitro antibacterial activity of sagamicin, gentamicin, tobramycin and norfloxacin was evaluated against 180 recent clinical isolates obtained from patients with ocular infections. Good activity was demonstrated for the 3 aminoglycosides against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. All 4 compounds showed a lower activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Catheter-related bacteremia due to Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a single-lung transplant recipient.

There is still a major debate about the pathogenicity of Lactobacillus spp. and some reports emphasize that these microorganisms are never isolated from endovascular devices. In this report we present a case of catheter-related bacteremia due to L.

Antibiotic-impregnated fibrin glue in ocular surgery: in vitro antibacterial activity.

A strategy to reduce postoperative ocular infections might consist in maintaining a high antibiotic concentration in the eye by using a topical slow-release drug formulation. Fibrin glue is widely used in ocular surgery. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, cephalothin and gentamicin were added to a 500 IU/ml thrombin solution, their concentrations in 1 g fibrin glue being 500 microg for vancomycin and 400 microg for the other drugs.