Phase I study of amrubicin plus cisplatin and concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy for limited-disease small cell lung cancer: protocol of ACIST study.

Background: Etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) combined with concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy (AHTRT) is the standard treatment strategy for unresectable limited-disease (LD) small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which has remained unchanged for over two decades. Based on a previous study that confirmed the non-inferiority of amrubicin (AMR) plus cisplatin (AP) when compared with EP for extensive-disease (ED) SCLC, we have previously conducted a phase I study assessing AP with concurrent TRT (2 Gy/time, once daily, 50 Gy in total) for LD-SCLC therapy. Our findings revealed that AP with concurrent TRT could prolong overall survival to 39.

Association between obesity and self-reported sleep duration variability, sleep timing, and age in the Japanese population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and sleep habits, including bedtime, wake-up time, and sleep duration variability over a week.

Methods: We analyzed 9289 participants in this study. Following a health examination, each participant self-reported their sleep habits using a standardized 19-item questionnaire.

Distinct Time Course of the Decrease in Hepatic AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Akt Phosphorylation in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in insulin resistance, which is characterized by the impairment of the insulin-Akt signaling pathway. However, the time course of the decrease in AMPK and Akt phosphorylation in the liver during the development of obesity and insulin resistance caused by feeding a high fat diet (HFD) remains controversial. Moreover, it is unclear whether the impairment of AMPK and Akt signaling pathways is reversible when changing from a HFD to a standard diet (SD).

SPECT/CT Fusion in the Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between the diagnostic ability of fused single photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images in localization of parathyroid lesions and the size of adenomas or hyperplastic glands.

Methods: Five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 4 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) were imaged 15 and 120 minutes after the intravenous injection of technetium99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ((99m)Tc-MIBI). All patients underwent surgery and 5 parathyroid adenomas and 10 hyperplastic glands were detected.

Re-evaluation of detectability of liver metastases by contrast-enhanced CT: added value of hepatic arterial phase imaging.

Purpose: We compared the detectability of liver metastases on 2- and 3-phase images using robust statistical methods. Nine radiologists evaluated unenhanced CT plus portal venous phase (2-phase) images and 2-phase plus hepatic arterial phase (HAP) (3-phase) images.

Materials And Methods: Our study included 54 patients with primary malignant tumors who underwent 3-phase hepatic dynamic CT more than twice to screen for liver metastases; 24 had 1-6 liver metastases measuring 4-27 mm in diameter (median 13 mm).

Kimura's Disease of the Orbit Successfully Treated with Radiotherapy Alone: A Case Report.

We performed radiotherapy in a 28-year-old patient with Kimura's disease of the orbit. Irradiation with 21.6 Gy was administered to the tumor bed with a single dose of 1.

Spontaneous regression of primary malignant lymphoma of the prostate.

We herein report a case of primary lymphoma of the prostate, which arose in an 85-year-old male with dysuria. CT and MRI examinations demonstrated a large mass in the prostate. A transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate was performed.

[Radiation effects on pregnant women, fetuses, and children].

We conducted a review of literature related to radiation effects on pregnant women, fetuses, and children from the perspective of epidemiology, pathology, and radiobiology. During 8-25 weeks post-conception the central nervous system is particularly sensitive to radiation. Fetal doses in excess of 100 mGy can result in some reduction of IQ (intelligence quotient).

An unusual unilocular mesothelial cyst of the pleura: a case report.

A 79-year-old woman was found to have an abnormal shadow on chest radiography. Computed tomography demonstrated a pleural mass. The F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) was performed to determine whether the pleural mass was benign or malignant.

Computed tomography-based three-dimensional dosimetry of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show the results of computed tomography (CT)-based dosimetry of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 patients with cervical cancer underwent intracavitary brachytherapy with external beam radiation therapy. The prescribed dose of brachytherapy was 6 Gy per fraction to point A.

Regular surveillance by imaging for early detection and better prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients infected with hepatitis C virus.

Purpose: This study evaluated the usefulness of regular check-ups by ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced imaging for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a retrospective analysis.

Patients And Methods: From April 2001 to March 2007, 240 consecutive patients with HCC who were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) were divided into three groups. Patients diagnosed with HCC by repeated imaging constituted Group A (surveillance group).

Results of a preliminary study using hypofractionated involved-field radiation therapy and concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel in the treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of hypofractionated involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) omitting elective nodal irradiation (ENI) with concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Between July 2004 and July 2006, ten patients with locally advanced NSCLC were included in this study. One had stage IIIA and 9 had stage IIIB disease.

Myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma arising from the salivary gland: computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings.

We report the CT and MRI appearance of myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma arising from accessory salivary glands of the soft palate and the submandibular gland. Correlation of the imaging features and histologic finding is presented. Radiologists should bear in mind that myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma are included in radiological differential diagnosis of head and neck tumours.

Radiotherapy for localized orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.

Fourteen patients with localized orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2005 were reviewed. Five patients were males and 9 were females, with a mean age of 58 years. In 8 patients, the disease arose from the conjunctiva, and in 6 patients, it originated from the retrobulbar space.

[Chemoradiotherapy for neurohypophyseal immature teratoma].

We performed chemoradiotherapy for two patients (aged 6 and 33 years)with neurohypophyseal immature teratoma. The patients received total doses of 40 to 50.6 Gy with concurrent carboplatin and etoposide.

[Second malignancies following radiotherapy: an analysis of 54 cases accumulated by mail survey in Japan].

The increasing incidence of second malignant neoplasms after radiotherapy, while due in part to increasing numbers of survivors, is also thought to be related to new modalities of radiotherapy and/or increasingly more intensive combined modality treatment. From a mail survey conducted in 2000 concerning secondary neoplasms following radiotherapy, 62 patients were collected from 22 hospitals in Japan. The following patients were excluded: benign (4 cases) or unknown (2) first primary diseases, unknown histology of a second malignancy (1), and short latent period (from initial radiotherapy to diagnosis of second neoplasm) (1).

[MALT-type lymphoma of the lacrimal gland: a case report].

We report a rare case of MALT-type lymphoma of the lacrimal gland in a 29-year-old woman. CT scan demonstrated a solid homogenous mass in the right lacrimal gland fossa and the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland with contrast enhancement. The mass displayed slight hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images with fat saturation.

MR imaging of synovial sarcoma arising from the floor of the mouth: a case report.

A previously unreported synovial sarcoma arising from the floor of the mouth occurred in a 46-year-old man. Preoperative MR imaging findings of the tumor reflected the macroscopic findings of the resected mass. MR imaging findings were helpful in the diagnosis of this malignancy.

[Natural history of intracranial meningioma after radiotherapy].

The author examined the natural history of intracranial meningioma after radiotherapy using CT or MR imaging. Twenty patients with intracranial meningioma received radiotherapy from a high-energy linear accelerator (4-10 MV X rays) from 1980 to 1996. The total doses were 50 Gy to the tumor bed in single doses of 2 Gy in 5 weekly fractions.

[Delineation of the white and gray matter of the normal human cervical spinal cord using diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging].

To delineate the white and gray matter of the normal human cervical spinal cord, diffusion-weighted echo planar imaging (DW-EPI) was performed in 11 healthy volunteers. Three axial (X-, Y- and Z-axis) anisotrophic diffusion-weighted images were obtained on a 1.5T superconducting clinical unit using a single-shot DW-EPI sequence.

[Delineation of calf deep veins using 2D-TOF MR venography without contrast media: efficacy of tourniquet and leg-warming].

We evaluated the imaging quality of 2D-TOF MR venography of the lower part of the leg and the efficacy of a tourniquet around the knee and leg-warming. In 8 healthy volunteers, MR venography was carried out under the following four conditions: (a) usual MR venography, (b) MR venography with tourniquet around the knee, (c) MR venography after leg-warming and (d) MR venography with tourniquet after leg-warming. Our results suggested that MR venography with tourniquet after leg-warming is best suited for imaging the veins of the leg.

[The usefulness of radiotherapy in the management of intracranial meningioma: a review of 29 patients].

Twenty-nine patients with intracranial meningiomas were treated with a high-energy linear accelerator (4-10 MV. X rays and electron beams) between 1980 and 1992 at the Hiroshima Prefectural Hiroshima Hospital. We investigated the relationships between tumor size and tumor response, histological type and tumor response, and grade of operation using Simpson's classification and recurrence rate.

[Uterine cervical cancer: usefulness of MR imaging after the initial radiation therapy].

To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing residual or recurrent tumors of cervical cancer after radiation therapy, we investigated the time difference between MRI and gynecologic findings in the diagnosis of residual or recurrent tumor in 12 patients with invasive cervical cancer. We defined a positive finding for residual or recurrent tumor as an uterine cervical mass isointense to muscle on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and when a positive biopsy specimen was obtained. Two patients were diagnosed as having a residual or recurrent tumor by MRI.

Intraarterial infusion of cisplatin with and without preoperative concurrent radiation for urinary bladder cancer: a preliminary report.

We evaluated the clinical efficacy of treating urinary bladder cancer by intraarterial infusion of cisplatin using an implanted reservoir with and without preoperative concurrent radiation. No previous reports have compared the results obtained by these two methods of treatment. Twenty-three patients with bladder cancer were treated by intraarterial infusion of cisplatin using an implanted reservoir with (n = 13) and without (n = 10) concurrent radiation.