Chitosan-based endodontic irrigation solutions and TGF-β1 treatment: Creating the most favourable environment for the survival and proliferation of stem cells of the apical papilla in vitro.

Background: The dental pulp's environment is essential for the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells' homeostasis and thus, it is of great importance to evaluate the materials used in regenerative procedures.

Aim: To assess in vitro (i) the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chitosan irrigation solution, Dual Rinse®, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid and 2.

Update on chelating agents in endodontic treatment: A systematic review.

Background: The aim of this review was to assess the evidence regarding the most commonly used chelating agents in terms of efficacy, erosive potential, cytotoxicity, interaction, antimicrobial effect, impact on sealers adhesion, and release of growth factors.

Material And Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed) database, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched up to January 14, 2023, including studies with one or more of the following chelating agents: 17% EDTA, 9% and 18% HEDP, 10% and 20% citric acid, 2%-2.25% peracetic acid and 7% maleic acid.

Engineering a Microphysiological Model for Regenerative Endodontic Studies.

Dental pulp infections are common buccal diseases. When this happens, endodontic treatments are needed to disinfect and prepare the root canal for subsequent procedures. However, the lack of suitable in vitro models representing the anatomy of an immature root canal hinders research on regenerative events crucial in endodontics, such as regenerative procedures.

Preorthodontic dilacerated incisive crown modification in a pediatric patient: a case report.

Unlabelled: Dental dilacerations are abrupt deviations of the longitudinal axis of the crown or root portion of the tooth, caused by traumatic axial displacement of previously formed hard tissue in relation to the developing soft tissue.

Case Presentation: A 13-year-old boy in good general health was referred for root canal treatment of the maxillary left central incisor, for which abnormal crown morphology impeded orthodontic treatment. He presented bilateral crown dilaceration at both maxillary central incisors.

Dental Stem Cells SV40, a new cell line developed in vitro from human stem cells of the apical papilla.

Aim: To establish and fully characterize a new cell line from human stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) through immortalization with an SV40 large T antigen.

Methodology: Human SCAPs were isolated and transfected with an SV40 large T antigen and treated with puromycin to select the infected population. Expression of human mesenchymal surface markers CD73, CD90 and CD105 was assessed in the new cell line named Dental Stem Cells SV40 (DSCS) by flow cytometry at early and late passages.

Medium- and Long-Term Re-Treatment of Root Canals Filled with a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer: An Experimental Ex Vivo Study.

This study investigated the possibility of re-treating a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSBS), compared to an epoxy-resin sealer (RBS), using rotary instrumentation at different times from obturation (1 month/1 year). Thirty-six human mandibular premolars, extracted as a result of orthodontic or periodontal problems, were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups of 12: BR and BR*, which were filled with CSBS and re-treated after one month and one year of storage, respectively, and AH, which was filled with RBS and re-treated after one month. The same re-treatment protocol was used for all teeth, and the times required for the procedure was recorded.

Does Root Development Status Affect the Outcome of Tooth Autotransplantation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the surgical repositioning of an autogenous tooth in another surgical site within the same individual. The aim of this research was to analyze the outcome of tooth transplantation using immature donor teeth compared with closed apex teeth and to compare differences between donor tooth positions on the arch. Electronic and manual literature searches were performed in different databases, including the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central (CENTRAL), and the digital library of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC University) from 1978 to March 2021.

Root Canal Filling Quality Comparison of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer and Different Carrier-Based Obturation Systems.

Background: The number of voids within the root canal obturation is a relevant parameter to describe the quality of the technique, as well as to predict long-term prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of root canal obturation in curved root canals filled with Thermafil, GuttaCore, GuttaFusion and lateral compaction with AH Plus and EndoSequence BC sealer, by means of percentage of gutta-percha and sealer filled area.

Methods: 200 curved canals of mandibular molars were divided in five groups ( = 40).

Guided Endodontics for Managing Severely Calcified Canals.

Endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp canal obliteration presents a challenge given the high likelihood of procedural errors and complications during treatment. These drawbacks can be avoided by using a personalized 3-dimensional (3D) guide designed by overlaying a cone-beam computed tomographic scan with an intraoral scan of the patient. This 3D guide enables the clinician to obtain a straight access to the obliterated root canal.

A 12-month follow-up of primary and secondary root canal treatment in teeth obturated with a hydraulic sealer.

Objectives: This randomized, controlled, pilot study assessed the outcome of non-surgical primary/secondary root canal treatments either with a novel bioactive sealer and the single-cone technique or with gutta-percha, zinc oxide-eugenol sealer (ZOE), and warm vertical compaction.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-nine patients were randomly divided into two groups that were treated using the single-cone technique with BioRoot RCS (Septodont) (BIO group) or warm vertical compaction with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer (PCS group). Two subsamples (BIOAP and PCSAP) comprised the cases with apical periodontitis.

Relationship between internal root resorption and dens in dente.

Background: The aim is to report the treatment and follow-up of three lateral incisors with internal root resorption and dens in dente as a possible cause for their development, managed by root canal treatment and apical obturation with MTA or gutta-percha.

Case Description: This case report presents three clinical cases in which dens invaginatus type 2 is shown as a potential cause for the development of internal root resorption. Two cases were filled with a MTA apical plug technique and one with gutta-percha, and all were follow-up through time.

Efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic irrigation devices in the removal of debris from canal irregularities in artificial root canals.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different sonic and ultrasonic devices in the elimination of debris from canal irregularities in artificial root canals.

Materials And Methods: A resin model of a transparent radicular canal filled with dentin debris was used. Five groups were tested, namely: Group 1 - ultrasonic insert 15.

MTA and biodentine for primary teeth pulpotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Objective: This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials in order to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success rates of primary teeth pulpotomy performed with biodentine, when compared to MTA.

Methods: Search strategies were conducted in nine databases on August 5th, 2017, update on February 14th, 2018. Clinical articles were selected, which were in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the research objective.

Evaluation of the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation in Reducing Enterococcus faecalis from Root Canal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the WaveOne Gold and One Shape New Generation systems regarding the bacterial removal from root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis by comparing them to the conventional WaveOne and One Shape systems. Forty-eight distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars sterilized with ethylene oxide were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days, and then root canal initial bacterial sample was collected with paper cones and plated on M-enterococcus agar.

Comparison of PathFile and ProFinder Systems to Create a Glide Path in Curved Root Canals.

Objective: Root canal shaping is as important as irrigation and filling when attempting to obtain a high success rate in endodontic treatment. The creation of a glide path before the use of rotary instruments reduces the risk of posterior iatrogenic errors. The objective of the present study was to evaluate instrumentation time and root canal transport after using 2 different glide path rotary systems.

Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Biodentine in Permanent Young Teeth with Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Direct pulp capping treatment is intended to preserve pulp vitality, to avoid or retard root canal treatment, and, in cases with an open apex, to allow continued root development. Historically, calcium hydroxide (CH) was the gold standard material, but nowadays calcium silicate materials (CSMs) are displacing CH because of their high bioactivity, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and mechanical properties. However, more randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the appropriateness of CSMs as replacement materials for CH in direct pulp capping procedures.

Double acid etching treatment of dental implants for enhanced biological properties.

Background: The topographical features on the surface of dental implants have been considered as a critical parameter for enhancing the osseointegration of implants. In this work, we proposed a surface obtained by a combination of shot blasting and double acid etching. The double acid etching was hypothesized to increase the submicron topography and hence further stimulate the biological properties of the titanium implant.

Effect of manual dynamic activation with citric acid solutions in smear layer removal: A scanning electron microscopic evaluation.

Background/purpose: Chelating agents have been used for the removal of the smear layer on teeth. However, due to inadequate volume and/or penetration of the solutions during irrigation, smear layer removal is less effective in the apical third. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of three chelating solutions with and without manual dynamic irrigation in smear layer removal.

Root canal morphology of Chalcolithic and early bronze age human populations of El Mirador Cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain).

This study provides a morphological characterization of the inner anatomy of the root canals of permanent first and second molars in Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age human fossils using cone-beam computed tomography. The general evolutionary trend in present-day human dentition is related to morphological simplification. As little is known about when this trend appeared in Homo sapiens populations, the aim of this work is to test the presence of modern radicular morphology 4,400 years ago.

Influence of light and oxygen on the color stability of five calcium silicate-based materials.

Introduction: Difficult handling, long setting time, and potential discoloration are important drawbacks of white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). The development of Biodentine, a recently developed calcium silicate-based material (CSM), has overcome some of these shortcomings; however, there are no available data on its color stability. A previous study showed that WMTA discolors under light irradiation in an oxygen-free environment.

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of the use of four dressing materials in pulpotomized primary molars: a randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up.

Background: Although multiple materials have been suggested for pulpotomized primary molars, there is no reliable evidence of the superiority of one particular type.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of formocresol (FC), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), ferric sulphate, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as pulp dressing agents in primary molars after 2 years.

Design: One hundred primary molars requiring pulp treatment were allocated randomly to the control (FC) and experimental groups (MTA, ferric sulphate, and NaOCl).

Evaluating the periapical status of teeth with irreversible pulpitis by using cone-beam computed tomography scanning and periapical radiographs.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) on individual roots of teeth with irreversible pulpitis viewed with periapical (PA) radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

Methods: PA radiographs and CBCT scans were taken of 138 teeth in 130 patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis (symptomatic and asymptomatic). Two calibrated examiners assessed the presence or absence of AP lesions by analyzing the PA and CBCT images.

In vivo evaluation of the Raypex 5 by using different irrigants.

Introduction: The Raypex 5 is a fourth-generation electronic apex locator for which the accuracy in the presence of chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has not yet been tested in vivo. The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the performance of the Raypex 5 electronic apex locator in the presence of different irrigant solutions: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% CHX, and 17% EDTA.

Treatment of a perforating inflammatory external root resorption with mineral trioxide aggregate and histologic examination after extraction.

Introduction: Inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) requires damage or loss of the protective layer and an inflammatory process in the unprotected root surface. Infection of the pulp space can occur after a serious injury and stimulate an inflammatory response. When the inflammatory stimulus is long-standing, the destructive phase will continue until the stimulation is removed.