Effectiveness of a Community-Based Intervention to Increase Supermarket Vendors' Compliance with Age Restrictions for Alcohol Sales in Spain: A Pilot Study.

In Spain the legal age to buy alcohol is 18 years. However, official surveys show that minors perceive alcohol availability to be easy. This paper describes the impacts of a community-based intervention to increase vendors' compliance with age limits regarding alcohol sales in supermarkets.

Community Intervention Self-Efficacy Scale for Parent Leaders (CONNECTED): Parents' Empowerment to Prevent Adolescent Alcohol Use.

Empowering parents by actively engaging them in environmental prevention strategies is a promising approach that only a few programs use. Evidence suggests that when families and the wider community are engaged, alcohol prevention is more efficient. However, due to the novelty of this approach, no specific assessment tools for measuring this type of engagement are available.

Adolescents' Alcohol Use in and Attitudes towards Alcohol Use and Prevention Policies.

Alcohol is a common drug misused by young people worldwide. Previous studies have found that attitudes towards heavy consumption are stronger predictors than general norms concerning alcohol. This study aims to explore adolescents' alcohol use and drunkenness, to understand adolescents' attitudes towards alcohol use, drunkenness and prevention approaches, and to explore associations between attitudes and personal alcohol use and demographics.

Duration of Internet use and adverse psychosocial effects among European adolescents.

Despite the significant contributions from previous studies about the prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) among adolescents in Europe, important questions remain regarding adverse consequences of PIU. This study aims to assess the relation between duration of Internet use and adverse psychosocial effects among adolescents from six European countries. The final sample included 7,351 adolescents (50.

Which parenting style is more protective against adolescent substance use? Evidence within the European context.

Background: This study examines whether authoritative parenting style (characterized by warmth and strictness) is more protective against adolescent substances use than authoritarian (strictness but not warmth), indulgent (warmth but not strictness) and neglectful (neither warmth nor strictness) parenting styles. Emergent research in diverse cultural contexts (mainly Southern European and Latin American countries) questions the fact that authoritative would always be the optimum parenting style.

Design: Multi-factorial MANOVAs.

Parental permissiveness, control, and affect and drug use among adolescents.

Background: Parents play an important role in determining the risk of children's drug use. The aim of this study was to analyse how certain family-related variables (permissiveness toward drug use, and parental control and affect) were linked to the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, based on young people's self-report of such variables.

Method: The sample was composed of 1,428 school children (51.

Blood alcohol level tests in nightlife recreational settings as a preventive tool.

Background: Getting drunk is a common practice in the nightlife context and is related to risk behaviors. One potentially preventive strategy would be to conduct breathalyzer (blood alcohol content level-BAC) tests in situ, encouraging the young people to take responsibility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of such a measure.

Cross-national study on factors that influence parents' knowledge about their children's alcohol use.

Previous research has shown that parents underestimate their children's substance use. The aim of the present work was to analyze parental estimation of their children's use of alcohol in five countries from northern, central, and southern Europe, and to explore the variables that influenced this perceptual bias. The sample comprised 1181 parent-children dyads living in Sweden, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Spain, and Portugal.

Health and safety European standards for nightlife venues.

There is growing concern to understand those interventions which when effectively implemented may bring reduction in the harms associated with recreational nightlife venues. Management of drinking environments vary across Europe and we are faced with the need to set standards across European countries. The aim of this study is to present evidence highlighted by literature to a diverse sample of European recreational industry representatives and other key stakeholders (74 participants in 14 European countries), to ascertain their judgements on level of implementation, acceptance, effectiveness and regulation to propose a set of standards be implemented in European recreational nightlife settings.

Drunk and disorganised: relationships between bar characteristics and customer intoxication in European drinking environments.

Preventing alcohol-related harm in drinking environments is a growing international priority. Factors relating to the physical, social and staffing environments in bars can contribute to increased alcohol consumption and harm. Understanding the relationships between such factors and intoxication in European drinking environments is critical to developing appropriate interventions.

[How does family disorganization influence children's drug use? A review].

It is well known that various aspects of family functioning can influence children's drug use, both by promoting resilience and by increasing the risk of use. This review examines studies published in the last 30 years about the influence of family disorganization on children's drug use. Based on the results, we consider that disorganised families (charactirezed by parents' mental illness, parents' substance use and/or non-intact families) are more likely to have children who are drug users, both legal and illegal.

Sexual harassment among young tourists visiting Mediterranean resorts.

Despite the known increase in substance use and risky sexual behaviors among young people during holiday periods, issues of sexual harassment (SH) and having sex against one's will (SAW) have not received adequate attention. We implemented a cross-sectional airport-based study to identify experience of SH and SAW in 6,502 British and German holidaymakers aged 16-35 years visiting tourist resorts in Southern Europe (Crete, Cyprus, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) in summer 2009. Across all participants, 8.

Drinking behaviours and blood alcohol concentration in four European drinking environments: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Reducing harm in drinking environments is a growing priority for European alcohol policy yet few studies have explored nightlife drinking behaviours. This study examines alcohol consumption and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in drinking environments in four European cities.

Methods: A short questionnaire was implemented among 838 drinkers aged 16-35 in drinking environments in four European cities, in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain and the UK.

Influence of the friends' network in drug use and violent behaviour among young people in the nightlife recreational context.

Party networks of young people are important for socialization, but can also influence their involvement in risk behaviours. We explored the individual-centred networks (7.360 friends) of 1.

Nightlife young risk behaviours in Mediterranean versus other European cities: are stereotypes true?

Background: Mediterranean lifestyle has long been hailed as protective against certain risk behaviours and diseases. Mediterranean drinking patterns of moderate alcohol consumption as part of daily life have often been assumed to protect young people from harmful alcohol consumption, in contrast to Northern European drinking patterns. Nightlife environments are strong related to alcohol and drugs use, and other health risk behaviours but few cross-national studies have been undertaken amongst young Europeans frequenting bars and nightclubs.

[Violence in nightlife environments and its relationship with the consumption of alcohol and drugs among young Spaniards].

Violence in nightlife environments (NE) is a rarely studied phenomenon. There is growing interest in determining its prevalence and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, drunkenness and drug use. A survey to 440 youngsters, selected by the respondent-driven sampling methodology, was conducted, and the inclusion criteria were: to go out regularly, and to use alcohol and/or illegal drugs.

The influence of personal networks on the use and abuse of alcohol and drugs.

Party networks of young people are very important for socialization, but can also influence their involvement in risk behaviours or they can be protective. The influence of nightlife network of friends in using alcohol/ drugs is investigated through a survey. We explore the individual-centred networks (7.

Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour: a comparison of British, Spanish and German holidaymakers to the Balearics.

Background: Previous studies exploring risk-taking behaviour on holiday are typically limited to single nationalities, confounding comparisons among countries. Here we examine the sexual behaviour of holidaymakers of three nationalities visiting Ibiza and Majorca.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study design was used focusing on British, Spanish and German holidaymakers in the age range of 16-35 years.

Preventive interventions in nightlife: a review.

Participating in nightlife it is a meaningful cultural activity for young people. Councils welcome a flourishing late-night entertainment industry. But there also problems related to the people involved (alcohol and drug abuse, violence, risky sex.

Alcohol, drugs, sex and violence: health risks and consequences in young British holidaymakers to the Balearics.

Background: Substance use, risky sexual behaviour and violence are among the key youth health issues today. Whilst they are the focus of much prevention work in the UK, relatively little information is available to inform prevention in international holiday resorts, where young people can take the greatest risks with their health.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1033 British holidaymakers aged 16-35 in Ibiza and Majorca airports (Spain).

Nightlife violence: a gender-specific view on risk factors for violence in nightlife settings: a cross-sectional study in nine European countries.

Within nightlife settings, youth violence places large burdens on both nightlife users and wider society. Internationally, research has identified risk factors for nightlife violence. However, few empirical studies have assessed differences in risk factors between genders.

[Risky sexual behaviour and drug use in recreational nightlife context. A gender perspective].

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the use of alcohol and other drugs and sexual risk behaviour, within the weekend nightlife recreational context. A survey was carried out in three Spanish regions (Balearic Islands, Galicia, and Comunidad Valenciana) with a sample of 440 young people (52.3% women and 47.

Relative contributions of holiday location and nationality to changes in recreational drug taking behaviour: a natural experiment in the Balearic Islands.

Aim: To examine the contributions of international holiday resorts and visitors' nationality to recruitment, relapse into, and escalation in frequency of recreational drug use.

Methods: Retrospective design surveying British, German and Spanish (n = 3,003) holidaymakers aged 16-35 visiting Ibiza or Majorca (Spain).

Results: Individuals' drug use in international resorts was related to use at home, holiday destination and nationality.

[Reasons for not accepting a sexual liaison in nightlife recreational contexts according to gender and state of drunkenness].

Recent years have seen an increase in drunkenness among young people who go out at weekends, but there is limited information on the relationship between sexuality and drunkenness in these contexts. Here we analyze, in a sample of 440 people aged 14 to 25 who frequent nightlife recreational contexts, who have had sexual relationships and who use some type of drug or alcohol, the reasons for not initiating a sexual liason, as a function of drunkenness and gender. The sampling method used was respondent-driven sampling.