[Pefloxacin + metronidazole versus netilmicin + metronidazole in the prevention of nosocomial infections in contaminated surgery. Pefloxacin Study Group].

Pefloxacin plus metronidazole versus netilmicin plus metronidazole in the prevention of nosocomial infections during contaminated surgery. Surgical prophylaxis is widely used in contaminated surgery, especially colorectal surgery. In this clinical trial the efficacy of pefloxacin 800 mg i.

[Pefloxacin versus ceftriaxone in single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in general clean-contaminated surgery. The Pefloxacin Study Group].

Single-shot surgical prophylaxis is today used in all clean-contaminated surgery, because it is able to reduce the incidence of post-surgical infections. The aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of Pefloxacin 800 mg i.v.

[The natural history of breast cancer. The impact of prevention and therapy].

Four periods are recognizable in breast carcinoma treatment: the first period can be called as "era of the incurable disease". It begins at the arising of the mankind and lasts up to the end of the 19th century. During this period the disease was usually diagnosed in far advanced stage and any therapeutical attempt was unable to cure a significant percentage of patients.

[Doppler color echography in the diagnosis of impotence].

This study reports the experience achieved with duplex and color Doppler ultrasonography in 120 impotent patients. The following morphodynamic parameters of the cavernosal arteries were studies before and after intracorporal injection of a mixture of vasoactive drugs: arterial diameter, wall pulsatility, morphology of the spectral waveform, peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and flow volume. The veno-occlusive mechanism of the corpora cavernosa was studied directly by determination of flow along the deep dorsal vein of the penis and indirectly by serial evaluation of the diastolic flow of the cavernous arteries.

Hepatic resections for colorectal metastases: the Italian multicenter experience.

In 1989 there were 151,000 new cases of colorectal carcinoma in the United States. Approximately 50% of these patients will be at risk of developing liver metastases together with other sites of recurrence. However, the liver will be the main site of relapse in only 14,000 patients with colorectal cancer.

Heparin prevents stasis-induced thrombosis through protection of the venous endothelial cells: an electron microscopic study in rabbits.

This study was performed to see whether or not protection of the endothelial cells contributes to the antithrombotic effects of heparin. New Zealand albino rabbits were subjected to jugular vein stasis by single caudal ligation for 2 h. Three treatments were given: saline (control group), heparin (0.

[Does jejunoileal bypass still have a place in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity?].

Jejuno-ileal bypass has been widely used for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity since 1954, but from 1978 onwards the operation has met with increasing disfavor, especially in the USA as a result of its unacceptably high complication rate. From 1982 onwards, 235 morbidly obese patients had a side-to-side jejuno-ileal bypass in our Department. Our data concerning weight loss and the overall incidence of complications show that jejuno-ileal bypass can still play a role in the surgical treatment of morbid obesity.

[Horizontal gastroplasty in surgery for morbid obesity: an unjustified condemnation?].

Horizontal gastroplasty has been performed on 100 pathologically obese patients over the last nine years. In our series, the mean age was 39.3 +/- 8.

[Treatment of obesity with gastric balloon].

The use of inflatable intragastric balloons is a new non-intensive approach in the treatment of obesity when poor results are obtained by more conservative treatment. The intragastric balloons are certainly less hazardous than bariatric surgery but their long term effect on body-weight reduction it is not still proved. Several types of balloons are currently in use.

Effects of autonomic nervous system on gastric damage by ethanol in the rat.

To study whether or not the autonomic nervous system influences the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were given stimulants and inhibitors of the different components of the vagus and celiac nerves before administration of absolute or 70% w/v ethanol. The effects of vagotomy and sympathectomy on "adaptive cytoprotection" were studied, as were the effects of blocking the muscarinic receptors and stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. We found that: (1) cholinomimetic agents and norepinephrine make the damage caused by 70% ethanol worse; (2) atropine is the only agent that fully protects against absolute ethanol; (3) vagotomy and sympathectomy abolish the effects of atropine and adaptive cytoprotection; and (4) beta-adrenergic stimulation replaces conditions that allow adaptive cytoprotection and the protection by anticholinergics.

Effect of bile salts on carbonic anhydrase from rat and human gastric mucosa.

Gastric carbonic anhydrase (CA) is believed to play an important role related to cytoprotection, and duodenogastric reflux of bile salts (BS) is suspected of having a causal role in many pathologic conditions. Thus, we decided to investigate the effect of free and conjugated BS on human and rat gastric CA activity. Cholate exerted the most potent inhibitory activity on both human (I50 = 2.

Pouch ileitis in excluded reservoir: an unusual complication of restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.

One case of pouch ileitis after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis is described. Diagnosis was made by endoscopy, histology and electron microscopy. The most prominent feature was intense inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa, with atrophy of the villi, and colonic metaplasia, occurring before closure of the loop ileostomy.