Party penalty or party premium? 'Party Swedes' in Norway and their income before, during, and after migration.

Young adults moving between wealthy countries for work and adventure are an under-studied group of international migrants. We use a unique combination of full population register data from Sweden and Norway to explore the so-called 'Party Swedes': young Swedes who emigrated to Norway in 2010-12. We follow them and track their median incomes before they left Sweden, during their stay in Norway, and after their return to Sweden.

Design of reconfigurable Huygens metasurfaces based on Drude-like scatterers operating in the epsilon-negative regime.

In this study, we investigate the feasibility of designing reconfigurable transmitting metasurfaces through the use of Drude-like scatterers with purely electric response. Theoretical and numerical analyses are provided to demonstrate that the response of spherical Drude-like scatterers can be tailored to achieve complete transmission, satisfying a generalized Kerker's condition at half of their plasma frequency. This phenomenon, which arises from the co-excitation of the electric dipole and the electric quadrupole within the scatterer, also exhibits moderate broadband performance.

Circulating tumour DNA and risk of recurrence in patients with asymptomatic versus symptomatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Multiple initiatives aim to develop circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) tests for early cancer detection in asymptomatic individuals. The few studies describing ctDNA-testing in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients report lower ctDNA detection in the asymptomatic patients. Here, we explore if asymptomatic patients differ from symptomatic patients e.

Quantifying the Use of Space in the Clock Drawing Test: Validity in Hemispatial Neglect.

Objective: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a widely used test for cognitive screening as its execution taps into a large number of cognitive functions. Because of the involvement of visuospatial abilities, the CDT is also commonly used to assess hemispatial neglect. In the present study, we introduce a new quantitative scoring method for the CDT that aims to measure the use of space for each half of the clock face and asymmetries of space use.

The antiherpetic and anti-inflammatory activity of the frog-derived peptide Hylin-a1.

Aim: The high incidence of virus-related infections and the large diffusion of drug-resistant pathogens stimulate the search and identification of new antiviral agents with a broad spectrum of action. Antivirals can be designed to act on a single target by interfering with a specific step in the viral lifecycle. On the contrary, antiviral peptides (AVPs) are known for acting on a wide range of viruses, with a diversified mechanism of action targeting virus and/or host cell.

Nonreducing Sugar Scaffold Enables the Development of Immunomodulatory TLR4-specific LPS Mimetics with Picomolar Potency.

Innate immune defense mechanisms against infection and cancer encompass the modulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated inflammation, including upregulation of various transcription factors and the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways important for immune surveillance. Dysfunction of PRRs-mediated signaling has been implicated in cancer and autoimmune diseases, while the overactivation of PRRs-driven responses during infection can lead to devastating consequences such as acute lung injury or sepsis. We used crystal structure-based design to develop immunomodulatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimetics targeting one of the ubiquitous PRRs, Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4).

Lomustine with or without reirradiation for first progression of glioblastoma, LEGATO, EORTC-2227-BTG: study protocol for a randomized phase III study.

Background: Chemotherapy with lomustine is widely considered as standard treatment option for progressive glioblastoma. The value of adding radiotherapy to second-line chemotherapy is not known.

Methods: EORTC-2227-BTG (LEGATO, NCT05904119) is an investigator-initiated, pragmatic (PRECIS-2 score: 34 out of 45), randomized, multicenter phase III trial in patients with first progression of glioblastoma.

Ingestible pills reveal gastric correlates of emotions.

Although it is generally held that gastrointestinal (GI) signals are related to emotions, direct evidence for such a link is currently lacking. One of the reasons why the internal milieu of the GI system is poorly investigated is because visceral organs are difficult to access and monitor. To directly measure the influence of endoluminal markers of GI activity on the emotional experience, we asked a group of healthy male participants to ingest a pill that measured pH, pressure, and temperature of their GI tract while they watched video clips that consistently induced disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, or a control neutral state.

The Characterization of Multifaceted PREP1 Peptides Provides Insights into Correlations between Spectroscopic and Structural Properties of Amyloid-like Assemblies.

The widespread ability of proteins and peptides to self-assemble by forming cross-β structure is one of the most significant discoveries in structural biology. Intriguingly, the cross-β association of proteins/peptides may generate intricate supramolecular architectures with uncommon spectroscopic properties. We have recently characterized self-assembled peptides extracted from the PREP1 protein that are endowed with interesting structural/spectroscopic properties.

Probing corporeal awareness in women through virtual reality induction of embreathment illusion.

We capitalized on the respiratory bodily illusion that we discovered in a previous study and called 'Embreathment' where we showed that breathing modulates corporeal awareness in men. Despite the relevance of the issue, no such studies are available in women. To bridge this gap, we tested whether the synchronization of avatar-participant respiration patterns influenced females' bodily awareness.

Chemotactic Interactions Drive Migration of Membraneless Active Droplets.

In nature, chemotactic interactions are ubiquitous and play a critical role in driving the collective behavior of living organisms. Reproducing these interactions in vitro is still a paramount challenge due to the complexity of mimicking and controlling cellular features, such as tangled metabolic networks, cytosolic macromolecular crowding, and cellular migration, on a microorganism size scale. Here, we generate enzymatically active cell-sized droplets able to move freely, and by following a chemical gradient, able to interact with the surrounding droplets in a collective manner.

Causal diagramming for assessing human system risk in spaceflight.

For over a decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has tracked and configuration-managed approximately 30 risks that affect astronaut health and performance before, during and after spaceflight. The Human System Risk Board (HSRB) at NASA Johnson Space Center is responsible for setting the official risk posture for each of the human system risks and determining-based on evaluation of the available evidence-when that risk posture changes. The ultimate purpose of tracking and researching these risks is to find ways to reduce spaceflight-induced risk to astronauts.

Oreoch-1: A broad-spectrum virus and host-targeting peptide against animal infections.

In recent decades, the global rise of viral emerging infectious diseases has posed a substantial threat to both human and animal health worldwide. The rapid spread and accumulation of mutations into viruses, and the limited availability of antiviral drugs and vaccines, stress the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from natural sources present a promising avenue due to their specificity and effectiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens.

Increased interhemispheric functional connectivity after right anodal tDCS in chronic non-fluent aphasia: preliminary findings.

Introduction: Anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, low-cost and environment-friendly brain neuromodulation technique that increases cortical excitability. In post-stroke aphasia, the role of the right hemisphere in language recovery remains debated. In this preliminary study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of excitatory tDCS on the right hemisphere in chronic aphasic patients.

Platform motion estimation in multi-band synthetic aperture sonar with coupled variational autoencoders.

Coherent processing in synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) requires platform motion estimation and compensation with sub-wavelength accuracy for high-resolution imaging. Micronavigation, i.e.

Versatile approach towards fully desymmetrized trehalose with a novel set of orthogonal protecting groups.

Trehalose-containing glycans play an essential role in bacterial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interaction, and cell signaling. The investigation of trehalose uptake and metabolism in using synthetic desymmetrized trehalose probes is an important approach for the development of diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics for tuberculosis. Trehalose-derived mycobacterial glycolipids activate the innate immune response through recognition by the C-type lectin Mincle, justifying efforts to develop novel trehalose-based Mincle-dependent adjuvants.

Residual Lung Abnormalities in Survivors of Severe or Critical COVID-19 at One-Year Follow-Up Computed Tomography: A Narrative Review Comparing the European and East Asian Experiences.

The literature reports that there was a significant difference in the medical impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic between European and East Asian countries; specifically, the mortality rate of COVID-19 in Europe was significantly higher than that in East Asia. Considering such a difference, our narrative review aimed to compare the prevalence and characteristics of residual lung abnormalities at one-year follow-up computed tomography (CT) after severe or critical COVID-19 in survivors of European and East Asian countries. A literature search was performed to identify articles focusing on the prevalence and characteristics of CT lung abnormalities in survivors of severe or critical COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide Conjugated to a Tetravalent Dendrimer Selectively Inhibits Viral Infection.

Fusion is a key event for enveloped viruses, through which viral and cell membranes come into close contact. This event is mediated by viral fusion proteins, which are divided into three structural and functional classes. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein belongs to class I fusion proteins, characterized by a trimer of helical hairpins and an internal fusion peptide (FP), which is exposed once fusion occurs.

Odonate diversity of a highly urbanised region: An annotated checklist of the damselflies and dragonflies (Insecta, Odonata) of Lario and Brianza (Lombardy, N Italy).

Background: Given their sensitivity to environmental alterations, odonates act as reliable bioindicators to assess the effects of changes in freshwater ecosystems and associated terrestrial habitats. The region comprised between Lario and Brianza (Provinces of Como, Lecco and Monza and Brianza - Lombardy, N Italy) is one of the most urbanised of the Italian peninsula and large parts of its territory have been heavily altered, especially at low elevation. Despite this pervasive anthropogenisation, the area is still characterised by a considerable variety of freshwater habitats, possibly harbouring rich odonate communities, which, however, have been never thoroughly investigated.

Investigating Chronotype and Sleep Quality in Psoriatic Patients: Results from an Observational, Web-Based Survey.

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease for which the implications and repercussions go far beyond the skin. Psoriasis patients suffer not only due to its skin manifestations and related symptoms but also because of comorbidities and a huge emotional impact.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate chronotype and sleep quality in a group of Italian psoriatic patients.

Unraveling the potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA detection in colorectal cancer-evaluation in a nationwide Danish cohort.

Background: Increasingly, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is proposed as a tool for minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment. Digital PCR (dPCR) offers low analysis costs and turnaround times of less than a day, making it ripe for clinical implementation. Here, we used tumor-informed dPCR for ctDNA detection in a large colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort to evaluate the potential for post-operative risk assessment and serial monitoring, and how the metastatic site may impact ctDNA detection.

Melittin-Related Peptides Interfere with Sandfly Fever Naples Virus Infection by Interacting with Heparan Sulphate.

Emerging viruses pose an important global public health challenge, and early action is needed to control their spread. The family contains a great number of arboviruses which are potentially pathogenic for humans. For example, phleboviruses affect a large range of hosts, including humans and animals.

Oreoch-1: A Peptide from as a Potential Tool against Staphylococci.

Staphylococci, including and , are important human pathogens associated with potentially life-threatening infections. Their great biofilm-producing ability and the development of resistance mechanisms often account for therapeutic failure. Hence, the scientific community has devoted intensive efforts to the development of antimicrobial compounds active against both planktonic and sessile bacterial populations.

Transcriptomic and physiological approaches to decipher cold stress mitigation exerted by brown-seaweed extract application in tomato.

Chilling temperatures represent a challenge for crop species originating from warm geographical areas. In this situation, biostimulants serve as an eco-friendly resource to mitigate cold stress in crops. Tomato ( L.