Parkinson's Disease: Coping Strategies, Cognitive Restructuring and Deep Brain Stimulation.

Objective: Less is known concerning the evolution of coping strategies before and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, coping was measured with the neurological version of the CHIP (Coping with Health Injuries and Problem) and the BriefCOPE in PD patients before ( T1: DBS - 2 months) and after (T2: + 3 months, T3: + 6 months) DBS. Patients (N = 50, age 59 ± 5.

Whole systems approaches to obesity and other complex public health challenges: a systematic review.

Background: Increasing awareness of the complexity of public health problems, including obesity, has led to growing interest in whole systems approaches (WSAs), defined as those that consider the multifactorial drivers of overweight and obesity, involve transformative co-ordinated action across a broad range of disciplines and stakeholders, operate across all levels of governance and throughout the life course. This paper reports a systematic review of WSAs targeting obesity and other complex public health and societal issues, such as healthy lifestyles for prevention of non-communicable disease.

Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched from 1995 to 2018.

Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylation of Aryl Sulfenate Anions: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study.

A novel approach to produce chiral diaryl sulfoxides from aryl benzyl sulfoxides and aryl bromides via an enantioselective arylation of aryl sulfenate anions is reported. A (JosiPhos)Pd-based catalyst successfully promotes the asymmetric arylation reaction with good functional group compatibility. A wide range of enantioenriched diaryl, aryl heteroaryl, and even diheteroaryl sulfoxides were generated.

Tackling psychosocial maladjustment in Parkinson's disease patients following subthalamic deep-brain stimulation: A randomised clinical trial.

Background: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment for the motor and non-motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD), however, psychological disorders and social maladjustment have been reported in about one third of patients after STN-DBS. We propose here a perioperative psychoeducation programme to limit such social and familial disruption.

Methods: Nineteen PD patients and carers were included in a randomised single blind study.

Anxiety, emotional processing and depression in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Despite the high comorbidity of anxiety and depression in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known about their inter-relationships. Both involve emotional perturbations and the way in which emotions are processed is likely central to both. The aim of the current study was to explore relationships between the domains of mood, emotional processing and coping and to analyse how anxiety affects coping, emotional processing, emotional balance and depression in people with MS.

Placebo-related effects: a meta-narrative review of conceptualization, mechanisms and their relevance in rheumatology.

For decades in medicine, the placebo effect has been conceptualized as a subjective psychological effect associated with an inert substance and considered to be a nuisance noise in the assessment of therapeutic effects in clinical trials. However, research on placebo has undergone substantial developments since the mid-1980s in several fields of knowledge (including methodology, psychology and neurosciences) that challenge this traditional view. Using a meta-narrative approach, this review of conceptualizations, determinants, mechanisms and models of placebo effects shows that placebo effects are genuine biopsychosocial phenomena strongly affected by context and factors surrounding the patient and treatments.

International field testing of the psychometric properties of an EORTC quality of life module for oral health: the EORTC QLQ-OH15.

Purpose: This international EORTC validation study (phase IV) is aimed at testing the psychometric properties of a quality of life (QoL) module related to oral health problems in cancer patients.

Methods: The phase III module comprised 17 items with four hypothesized multi-item scales and three single items. In phase IV, patients with mixed cancers, in different treatment phases from 10 countries completed the EORTC QLQ-C30, the QLQ-OH module, and a debriefing interview.

Chronic Pain and PTSD: Evolving Views on Their Comorbidity.

Purpose: This paper presents a literature review of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its link to chronic pain.

Design And Methods: Twenty-four papers are reviewed (included research and reviews), with the goal of improving and updating our understanding on this issue and its theoretical and clinical repercussions.

Findings: The tight interdependence of symptoms that can be observed in both PTSD and chronic pain syndromes lends support to the idea that these disorders both constitute a reactive disorder.

A methodology for evaluating change and impact of illness perceptions among patients with memory complaints and their next of kin during the diagnosis process.

Memory complaints (MCs) are experienced by a large proportion of middle-aged and older adults and are often a source of distress and worry. Because of the perceived threat of Alzheimer's disease (AD), MCs are known to be associated with depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life (QoL). Generally, these MCs are part of a normal aging process but may also reflect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or the onset of dementia.

Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of benzylic phosphonates.

A new synthetic route to access diarylmethyl phosphonates is presented. The transformation enables the introduction of aromatic groups on benzylic phosphonates via a deprotonative cross-coupling process (DCCP). The Pd(OAc)2/CataCXium A-based catalyst afforded a reaction between benzyl diisopropyl phosphonate derivatives and aryl bromides in good to excellent isolated yields (64-92%).

Palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of benzylic phosphine oxides.

A novel approach to prepare diarylmethyl phosphine oxides from benzyl phosphine oxides via deprotonative cross-coupling processes (DCCP) is reported. The optimization of the reaction was guided by High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) techniques. The Pd(OAc)2/Xantphos-based catalyst enabled the reaction between benzyl diphenyl or dicyclohexyl phosphine oxide derivatives and aryl bromides in good to excellent yields (51-91%).

Diaryl sulfoxides from aryl benzyl sulfoxides: a single palladium-catalyzed triple relay process.

A novel approach to produce diaryl sulfoxides from aryl benzyl sulfoxides is reported. Optimization of the reaction conditions was performed using high-throughput experimentation techniques. The [Pd(dba)2 ]/NiXantPhos catalyst system successfully promotes a triple relay process involving sulfoxide α-arylation, CS bond cleavage, and CS bond formation.

[Impact of physical activity level on alexithymia and coping strategies in an over-40 multiple sclerosis population: a pilot study].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of physical activity on alexithymia and coping strategies among people with multiple sclerosis aged over 40. The hypotheses were that physical activity should have a protective effect on alexithymia, and more particularly, on "emotional identification" and could influence coping strategies because it can be considered as a distractive coping strategy.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients aged 40 years or older were asked to complete a form including an identification sheet and standardized questionnaires: the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (version B), the Coping with Health Injuries and Problem Questionnaire, the Fatigue Impact Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Benefits of immediate EMDR vs. eclectic therapy intervention for victims of physical violence and accidents at the workplace: a pilot study.

This study focuses on 34 victims of aggression at the workplace, less than 48 hours following the incident of aggression. We compared victims who received an EMDR emergency protocol (URG-EMDR; n = 19) that we developed with those who received a method of intervention called eclectic therapy (n = 15). The results show that URG-EMDR therapy, provided within 48 hours, resulted in a greater decrease in perceived stress and a lower PCL-S score than eclectic therapy did.

Item reduction based on rigorous methodological guidelines is necessary to maintain validity when shortening composite measurement scales.

Objective: To review current practice and update guidelines for the methodology of shortening composite measurement scales (CMSs).

Study Design And Setting: A literature review gathered data on 91 shortening processes from 1995 to 2009. The validity of the initial CMS, the shortening methods, and the validity of the derived short-form scales were examined.

Evolution of quality of life, mental health, and coping strategies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a pilot study.

Background And Objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, neurological disease, which can potentially impact mental health as well as the adaptation process of people who are affected. Most of the results available are cross-sectional. The aim of this study was to study the evolution of coping strategies, Quality of Life (QoL), and mental health in a sample of ALS patients.

The impact of active coping strategies on survival in ALS: the first pilot study.

The aim of this study was to examine the coping strategies of 49 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and the potential impact of these strategies on survival. A total of 49 subjects were recruited. Each subject was asked to complete a questionnaire on coping strategies called the Brief COPE.

Coping strategies in multiple sclerosis patients with frontal cognitive disorders.

Background: Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and cognition disorder. The objective of this study was to investigate the coping style of patients with mild frontal cognitive disorder.

Methods: 135 patients with MS were divided into two groups as a function of their cognitive states ('mild frontal cognitive impairments' or 'without frontal cognitive impairments').

The EORTC QLQ-OH17: a supplementary module to the EORTC QLQ-C30 for assessment of oral health and quality of life in cancer patients.

Aims: Assessment of oral and dental problems is seldom routine in clinical oncology, despite the potential negative impact of these problems on nutritional status, social function and quality of life (QoL). The aim was to develop a supplementary module to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) focusing on oral health and related QoL issues in all cancer diagnoses.

Methods: The module development followed the EORTC guidelines.