Ventral Midline Preputial Approach to the Caudal Abdomen in Male Dogs.

Objective: To describe a ventral midline preputial approach to the caudal abdominal cavity of male dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Sample Population: Client-owned dogs (n=12).

Association of mineralisations in the stifle joint of domestic cats with degenerative joint disease and cranial cruciate ligament pathology.

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, size, location and appearance of mineralisations in feline stifle joints, and to evaluate their relationship with osteoarthritis and cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) status. Methods Presence or absence, and size of mineralisations were determined from lateral stifle radiographs of 25 cats with CrCL rupture, and 44 cat cadavers without CrCL rupture. Mineralisations were classified as small, medium or large.

Medial humeral epicondylitis in clinically affected cats.

Objective: To describe the clinical signs and histologic changes in cats clinically affected with medial humeral epicondylitis (MHE) and evaluate long-term outcome after either conservative or surgical treatment.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Animals: Client-owned cats (n = 17) with MHE.

Comparative investigations on the upper respiratory tract in Norwich terriers, brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dogs.

For some time Norwich terriers have been known to suffer from respiratory problems. In order to assign this weakness to a pathophysiology, 23 terriers were examined clinically, with laryngoscope and with rhinomanometry. In addition their skulls were dimensioned on radiographs.

Medial humeral epicondylitis in cats.

Objective: To describe medial humeral epicondylitis in cats based on radiographic, anatomic, and histologic observations.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Animals: Feline cadavers (n = 60).

Endoprosthesis (EN) in frontlimb-sparing surgery for distal radial tumours in the dog: preliminary results.

In veterinary medicine, limb-sparing techniques are most implemented when the uninvolved limbs are affected by other orthopaedic or neurological disorders, in large breeds or when the owner declines amputation. This report describes the surgical technique used for implantation of an endoprosthesis following tumour resection in the distal radius in 3 dogs using both standard and angle-stable plates. Endoprosthesis offers an easy and readily available surgical alternative to cortical allografts.

Biomechanical comparison after in vitro laminar vertebral stabilization and vertebral body plating of the first and second lumbar vertebrae in specimens obtained from canine cadavers.

Objective: To compare biomechanical characteristics of vertebral segments after vertebral body plating or laminar stabilization following complete incision of the annulus fibrosus.

Sample: Vertebral segments from T13 through L3 obtained from 18 canine cadavers.

Procedures: A 4-point bending moment was applied in flexion and extension to the intact vertebral segments to determine a baseline range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ).

Angle of insertion and confirmation of angles measured after in vitro implantation during laminar vertebral stabilization in vertebral columns obtained from canine cadavers.

Objective: To determine angles of insertion for laminar vertebral fixation of L1 and L2 by use of a locking plate in dogs and to confirm screw placement by use of computed tomography (CT).

Sample: Vertebral specimens harvested from 8 canine cadavers.

Procedures: The point of insertion and minimum and maximum insertion angles for laminar and facet screws for laminar vertebral stabilization were determined by use of CT.

Loss of implant-bone interface following distal radial locking-plate endoprosthesis limb-sparing surgery in a dog.

An eight-year-old, neutered female Rottweiler was presented with lameness of seven days duration. Radiographs were consistent with a distal radial bone tumour. Limb-sparing surgery was performed using a commercially available endoprosthesis with a locking bone plate.

Intraoperative contamination of the suction tip in clean orthopedic surgeries in dogs and cats.

Objective: To (1) determine suction tip (intermittent and continuous mode) contamination rate in orthopedic surgery in dogs and cats; (2) examine the effect of surgical time on contamination; and (3) report bacteria isolated.

Study Design: Clinical study.

Sample Population: Clean orthopedic surgeries (n = 50).

Effect of tibial tuberosity advancement on the contact mechanics and the alignment of the patellofemoral and femorotibial joints.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on patellofemoral (PF) contact mechanics, and alignment of the PF and femorotibial (FT) joints in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifles of dogs.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Animals: Unpaired cadaveric hind limbs (n=9).

Fixation of pelvic floor fractures in cats.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the outcome of internal fixation of trauma- related pelvic floor fractures using a ventral abdominal approach in cats.

Methods: Clinical examination and radiographic findings at presentation, after surgery, and at follow-up were assessed. Information gathered included concurrent injuries, surgical technique used, lameness and pain scores, and radiographic signs of implant stability.

Effect of dog breed and body conformation on vertical ground reaction forces, impulses, and stance times.

Objectives: To assess whether fully normalised vertical ground reaction forces and stance times obtained at a trot depend on dog breed or body conformations.

Methods: Peak vertical forces (PVF), vertical impulses (VI), stance times (ST), and ratio of forelimb impulse to total impulse (RVI) of 54 dogs of seven different breeds were normalised to body weight and body size according to the theory of dynamic similarity, and were tested for differences between breeds. Breeds were Borzoi, Bernese Mountain dog, Great Dane, Labrador Retriever, Landseer, Rhodesian Ridgeback, and Rottweiler.

Comparison of healing of the osteotomy gap after tibial tuberosity advancement with and without use of an autogenous cancellous bone graft.

Objective: To evaluate and compare healing, with and without the use of bone graft, of the gap created during tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).

Study Design: Prospective study and case series.

Animals: Dogs treated with TTA (n=67).

Relationships of body weight, body size, subject velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces in trotting dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of body weight (BW) and size, dog velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) from a large number of dogs of various sizes.

Study Design: Clinical research.

Animals: Orthopedically healthy dogs (n=129)

Methods: BW and dog size, represented as height at the withers (WH), were obtained.

Revision of an unstable HELICA endoprosthesis with a Zurich cementless total hip replacement.

A six-year-old, female, spayed Labrador Retriever was evaluated for progressive lameness of one year duration, ending in non-weight-bearing of the right hindlimb. The dog had a history of severe coxarthrosis of both hip joints, and had a HELICA hip prosthesis implanted in the right hip 18 months before. On survey radiographs, the acetabular and femoral components appeared unstable, with a large void in the proximal femur and a lacy periosteal reaction on the trochanter.

Correlation of radiographic changes after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate-deficient stifles with functional outcome.

Objective: To (1) evaluate radiographic changes associated with osteoarthrosis (OA) before and after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) and (2) determine if these changes are indicative of limb function as determined by kinetic gait analysis.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Dogs (n=35) with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifles (38).

Repair of long-bone fractures in cats and small dogs with the Unilock mandible locking plate system.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate stabilisation of long-bone fractures in cats and small dogs using the Unilock system.

Methods: Medical histories and radiographs of consecutive patients with long-bone fractures stabilised with the Unilock system were reviewed. Cases with follow-up radiographs taken at least four weeks postoperatively were included.

Fixation compliance in a mouse osteotomy model induces two different processes of bone healing but does not lead to delayed union.

Delayed unions are a problematic complication of fracture healing whose pathophysiology is not well understood. Advanced molecular biology methods available with mice would be advantageous for investigation. In humans, decreased fixation rigidity and poor reduction are generally associated with delayed unions.

Zurich cementless total hip replacement: retrospective evaluation of 2nd generation implants in 60 dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the results of application, and identify complications, of the 2nd generation of Zurich Cementless Total Hip Replacement (ZCTHR).

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n=60) that had ZCTHR (n=65).

Longitudinal as well as age-matched assessments of bone changes in the mature ovariectomized rat model.

In the past, bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic rat model has been monitored using in vitro micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to assess bone structure (bone volume/total volume, BV/TV). The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of baseline control and sham groups in 12-16-week-old, reproductively mature rats. Measurements were carried out in a longitudinal and age-matched fashion using newer in vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), which measures apparent bone mineral density (BMD).

Joint mice migration into the deep digital flexor tendon sheath in dogs. Clinical cases and anatomical study.

This study describes the appearance of 'joint mice' in the sheath of the deep digital flexor muscle tendon (DDFT) due to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the talocrural joint of 12 dogs. Surgical excision of all free fragments in the DDFT sheath was performed in five dogs, and their clinical progression was documented. The excision of free fragments from the DDFT sheath, but not arthro-tomy, proved clinically beneficial despite the presence of degenerative joint disease.

Effect of tibial tuberosity advancement on femorotibial shear in cranial cruciate-deficient stifles. An in vitro study.

Objectives: This in vitro study compares the femorotibial shear in canine stifles with intact and transected cranial cruciate ligaments (CrCL), before and after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) by measuring the distance between origin and insertion of the cruciate ligaments.

Methods: Radiodense markers were inserted into bones at the attachment sites of the cruciate ligaments in sixteen cadaveric stifles of adult dogs. Each stifle was then mounted in a testing apparatus.

Temporary transarticular stabilization with a locking plate for medial shoulder luxation in a dog.

This report describes the temporary fixation of a traumatic shoulder luxation in a large-breed dog using a 3.5-mm Locking Round-Hole Reconstruction Plate (LRHRP) to provide stable internal splinting, allowing healing of the injured ligaments, joint capsule, glenohumeral ligaments, tendons, and muscles for restoration of joint stability. The use of a temporary plate with a locking system should be considered as an option in the treatment of canine shoulder joint luxations with severe tissue damage.