The effect of different cigarette smoking levels on gingival crevicular fluid volume and periodontal clinical parameters in Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium. It is the main cause of tooth loss and is considered one of the biggest threats to the oral cavity. Tobacco smoking has long been associated with increased risk for periodontal, -implant, and other medical diseases.

Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Seeded on Equine-Derived Xenograft in Osteogenic Growth Media.

Background and Objectives: The duration of bone turnover is critical, and different time points help in identifying the optimal endpoint of treatment duration. However, investigating the combination of xenograft and stem cells to allow tissue regeneration within an ideal time duration remains an under-investigated topic. The current study aimed to assess the impact of equine-derived xenograft bone blocks in assisting the human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to demonstrate osteogenic differentiation (collagen type 1 expression and calcium deposition) within an osteogenic growth media.

Peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls.

The aim of the present case-control observational study was to evaluate the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls. Self-reported betel-quid chewers and controls were included. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: Group-1: Individuals chewing betel-quid with tobacco; Group-2: Individuals chewing betel-quid without tobacco; and Group-3: Controls (individuals not using tobacco in any form).

Postoperative Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effectiveness of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and NSAIDs as Adjuncts to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy for the Management of Periodontitis.

Purpose: The authors hypothesize that ginger (Zingiber officinale) tablets and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in reducing postoperative self-rated pain and periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], and probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [AL] and marginal bone loss) following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in patients with periodontitis. The aim was to compare the postoperative analgesic and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of ginger tablets and NSAIDs as adjuncts to nonsurgical periodontal therapy for the management of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Patients with periodontitis were included.

Non-surgical periodontal therapy with adjunct photodynamic therapy for the management of periodontal inflammation in adults using nicotine-free electronic-cigarette: A randomized control trial.

Objective: The aim was to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with adjunct photodynamic treatment (PDT) for the management of periodontal inflammation in young electronic cigarette (E-cig) users.

Methods: Patients with periodontal inflammation were included. Patient demographics and information related to E-Cig usage were recorded.

Whole Salivary Cotinine Levels and Interleukin 1-β Levels among Young Adults Involuntarily Exposed to Vapor from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

Purpose: To the assess whole salivary cotinine and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels among individuals involuntarily exposed to vapor from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) (test group) and unexposed individuals (control group).

Materials And Methods: Demographic data and information related to ENDS vapor exposure were collected using a questionnaire. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, unstimulated whole-saliva flow rate (UWSFR) was calculated, and cotinine and IL-1β levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Comparison of the postoperative anti-inflammatory efficacy of chlorhexidine, saline rinses and herbal mouthwashes after mechanical debridement in patients with peri-implant mucositis: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in the post-operative anti-inflammatory efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% saline rinses (SR) and a herbal mouthwash (MW) after non-surgical mechanical debridement (MD) for treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM). The aim was to compare the post-operative anti-inflammatory efficacy of CHX, 2% SR and a herbal oral rinse after non-surgical MD of PiM.

Materials And Methods: The present randomized controlled trial had a single-blinded parallel arm design.

Analgesic Efficacy of Curcuma longa (Curcumin) after Surgical Periodontal Therapy.

Purpose: To compare the analgesic efficacy of orally administered Curcuma longa (curcumin) and mefenamic acid (MA) after surgical periodontal therapy (SPT).

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six periodontitis patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the test group, patients received curcumin capsules (200 mg), and in the control group, patients received MA (500 mg).

Peri-implant parameters and cytokine profile among Peri-implant disease patients treated with Er Cr YSGG laser and PDT.

To assess the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG (ECL) laser-assisted non-surgical treatment and Photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (MD) on clinical and radiographic peri‑implant inflammatory parameters in patients with peri‑implant disease MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 95 patients with the peri‑implant disease were divided into 3 groups. Patients in group 1 were treated with MD only, patients in group 2 recieved MD+ECL and patients in group 3 were treated with MD+PDT. Perimplant parameters CBL: Crestal bone loss; PD: Probing depth; BI: Bleeding index; PI: Plaque index were measured from baseline to 3 month and 6 months follow up.

Evaluation of serum neuron specific enolase levels among patients with primary and secondary burning mouth syndrome.

Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome is a painful condition of the oral cavity with ambiguous pathogenesis and diagnosis. Neuron-specific enolase is increased in several conditions including peripheral neuropathy of diabetes, ophthalmopathies, spinal cord injuries and tumors. Evidence on association of burning mouth syndrome and neuron-specific enolase is limited.

Peri-implant Sulcular Fluid Galectin-1, Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and IL-1β Levels under Peri-implant Inflammatory Conditions.

Purpose: Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) are inflammatory biomarkers, whereas galectin-1 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The relationship between suPAR, galactin-1 and IL-1β levels in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) in relation to dental implants remains unaddressed. The aim was to assess suPAR, galectin-1, and IL-1β levels in PISF under peri-implant inflammatory conditions.

An assessment of unstimulated salivary flow rate, IgA and clinical oral dryness among active and passive smokers.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of smoking on the whole salivary flow rate (SFR), IgA levels and clinical oral dryness (COD) among active and passive smokers.

Material And Methods: The participants were categorized as active smokers (N = 54) or passive smokers (N = 163). Saliva was collected in tubes and placed in ice storage at -70°C.

Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Metronidazole Gels in the management of gingivitis. A clinical trial.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the topical application of chlorohexidine (CHX) and Metronidazole (MTZ) gels, individually and in combination in patients with gingivitis for up to 12 weeks follow-up.

Methods: The clinical trial was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Institute of Dentistry from 1 March 2019 to 1 March 2020. Patients were selected based on inclusion criteria.

Assessment of Unstimulated Whole Salivary Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Cellular Micronuclei Levels in Snuff (Naswar) Users and Non-Users for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to investigate the unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and cellular micronuclei in snuff dippers (Naswar) compared to healthy control subjects. The case control study was conducted over 9 months at a tertiary care center. Sixty patients were divided into two groups: Snuff dippers (SD) (Naswar) and non-snuff dippers (NSD) (control subjects).

Association of Self-Perceived Psychological Stress with the Periodontal Health of Socially Deprived Women in Shelter Homes.

The present study aimed to assess the effect of self-perceived psychological stress on the periodontal health of socially deprived women. The study included three hundred and eighty-five socially deprived women residing in shelter homes. The presence of stress and its severity was assessed by using Sheldon Cohen's 10-item perceived stress scale (PSS), and periodontal health status was assessed utilizing the community periodontal index.

Influence of Surgical Flap Design (Envelope and Szmyd) for Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars on Clinical Periodontal Parameters: A Clinical Trial.

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of flap designs (Envelope flap (EF) and Szmyd flap (SF)) for impacted mandibular third molar extraction, on periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bone levels (BL) of second molar. Sixty patients indicated for third molar extractions with healthy second molars were allocated into two groups: EF and SF ( = 30). Third molars were assessed for angulation, root patterns, depth of impactions and relation with ramus (Pell and Gregory classification).

Comparison between Allogenic and Xenogenic Bone Blocks on the Osteogenic Potential of Cultured Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Confocal Laser and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare between equine and human bone blocks in the osteogenic differentiation of cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) at 14 and 21 days of culture, using confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Materials And Methods: cultures of commercially obtained hPDLSCs were seeded onto equine and human bone blocks. At 14 days and 21 days of culture, confocal laser microscope images were obtained to assess cellular differentiation and adhesion, and scanning electron microscope images were obtained to validate the osteogenic differentiation by showing the morphological characteristics of the new bone cells.

Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Cultured in Osteogenic and Regular Growth Media: Confocal and Scanning Electron Microscope Study.

Aim: To evaluate the ability of osteogenic culture media in comparison with regular growth culture media in enhancing the osteoblastic cell differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs).

Materials And Methods: cultures of commercially obtained hPDLSCs were seeded onto xenograft bone blocks in both regular and osteogenic media. Confocal laser microscope images were obtained for cellular differentiation and adhesion, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained to validate the osteogenic differentiation by showing the morphological characteristics of the newly formed cells.

Dental implant primary stability in different regions of the Jawbone: CBCT-based 3D finite element analysis.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the primary stability of dental implant in maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior regions using a finite element analysis.

Materials And Methods: CBCT images of maxillary and mandibular regions were collected from patients' radiographic data and transformed to 3D models. A Straumann Dental implant was inserted in each bone model and then pulled-out, where amount von-Mises stress was obtained and analyzed for each.

Bone Regeneration Using Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate With and Without Collagen Membrane in Calvarial Standardized Defects: An In Vivo Microcomputed Tomographic Experiment in Rats.

The aim of this in vivo microcomputed tomographic (μCT) experiment was to assess in real time the efficacy of a combination of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), with and without resorbable collagen membrane (CM), in regeneration of standardized calvarial defects (SCDs) in rats. A total of 30 female Wistar albino rats (n = 10/group) with a mean age and weight of 7.5 months and 275 g, respectively, were used.

Guided Bone Regeneration Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate With Adjunct Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 With and Without Collagen Membrane in Standardized Calvarial Defects in Rats: A Histologic and Biomechanical Analysis.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with adjunct recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), with and without collagen membrane (CM), in regeneration of standardized rat calvarial defects. Thirty female Wistar albino rats with a mean age of 12 weeks and mean weight of 300 g were used. The skin over the calvaria was exposed using a full-thickness flap.

Orthodontic elastic band-induced periodontitis - A case report.

Periodontal problems due to the use of elastic bands have been documented in the past. A 9-year-old girl reported to a periodontist with complaints of bleeding from gums and tooth mobility of upper right central incisor. This case, reports the early diagnosis and treatment of an acute localized periodontitis arising from the incorrect use of orthodontic elastic rubber bands to close a maxillary midline diastema.

Evidence that TRPC4 supports the calcium selective I(CRAC)-like current in human gingival keratinocytes.

We previously demonstrated that high external [Ca(2+)] activated two Ca(2+) currents in human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs): an initial small I(CRAC)-like current and a second large nonspecific cation current (Fatherazi S, Belton CM, Cai S, Zarif S, Goodwin PC, Lamont RJ, Izutsu KT; Pflugers Arch 448:93-104, 2004). It was recently shown that TRPC1, a member of the transient receptor potential protein family, is a component of the store-operated calcium entry mechanism in keratinocytes. To further elucidate the molecular identity of these channels, we investigated the expression of TRPC4 in gingival tissue and in cultured keratinocytes, and the effect of knockdown of TRPC4 expression on the Ca(2+) currents and influx.

Hemin-dependent modulation of the lipid A structure of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periopathogen strongly associated with the development of adult-type periodontitis. Both the virulence characteristics of periopathogens and host-related factors are believed to contribute to periodontitis. P.

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide lipid A heterogeneity: differential activities of tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A structures on E-selectin expression and TLR4 recognition.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative bacterium strongly associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissue surrounding the tooth root surface. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from P. gingivalis is unusual in that it has been shown to display an unusual amount of lipid A heterogeneity containing both tetra- and penta-acylated lipid A structures.