High mortality due to gastrointestinal TB in HIV and non-HIV patients.

Due to the reported low incidence of gastrointestinal TB, there is a lack of data related to the prognosis, risk factors and frequency of resistant TB in this subgroup of patients. To report the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment and outcomes in gastrointestinal TB. We prospectively studied the demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data of all consecutive gastrointestinal TB inpatients over an 8-year period.

Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum: a concise review.

"Serrated polyps" is the term used for epithelial lesions of the colon and rectum that have a "sawtooth" pattern on the polyp's surface and crypt epithelium. The so-called serrated pathway describes the progression of sessile serrated adenomas and traditional serrated adenomas to colorectal cancer. Said pathway is well recognized as an alternative mechanism of carcinogenesis and accounts for 15-30% of the cases of colorectal cancer.

Peritoneal cavity circumference on computed tomography predicts outcomes in acute pancreatitis.

Objectives: We investigated the role of novel intra-abdominal parameters measured by computed tomography (CT) in the prediction of clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: Patients with AP underwent an abdominal CT scan on admission to define different intra-abdominal parameters (abdominal circumference, peritoneal cavity circumference, intraabdominal visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area) at the L2-L3 level using the open-source image analysis software Osirix Lite v.11.

Nonaggressive Versus Aggressive Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Acute Pancreatitis With More Than 24 Hours From Disease Onset: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to compare a "nonaggressive" hydration versus an "aggressive" hydration using Hartmann's solution in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) with more than 24 hours from disease onset.

Methods: We included 88 patients with AP with more than 24 hours from disease onset, and were randomized into 2 groups. Group I (n = 45) received a nonaggressive hydration (Hartmann's solution at 1.

The impact of pregnancy on the outcome of biliary acute pancreatitis.

Background And Objective: Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions requiring hospitalization. Even though its presentation during pregnancy is uncommon, it is a medical challenge. Currently, no studies compare the clinical outcomes between pregnant patients with acute pancreatitis and nonpregnant patients with acute pancreatitis.

The Mexican consensus on the treatment of hepatitis C.

The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of HepatitisC was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitisC treatment.

Acute Variceal Bleeding: Does Octreotide Improve Outcomes in Patients with Different Functional Hepatic Reserve?

Background: Current guidelines do not differentiate in the utilization of vasoactive drugs in patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding (AVB) depending on liver disease severity.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective study, clinical outcomes in 100 patients receiving octreotide plus endoscopic therapy (ET) and 216 patients with ET alone were compared in terms of failure to control bleeding, in-hospital mortality, and transfusion requirements stratifying the results according to liver disease severity by Child-Pugh (CP) score and MELD.

Results: In patients with CP-A or those with MELD < 10 octreotide was not associated with a better outcome compared to ET alone in terms of hospital mortality (CP-A: 0.

Diabetes and the Esophagus.

Chronic hyperglycemia is a well-known cause of gastrointestinal motility disorders extending from the esophagus to the anorectum. Even though little attention has been paid to esophageal disorders in the context of DM, its prevalence is higher compared to gastroparesis. Heartburn, as a typical symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is the most prevalent symptom and has been found in 25 to 41% of patients with DM.

Algorithm for Screening of Adrenal Function in Stable Patients with Cirrhosis.

Introduction And Aims: Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is common in patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to assess the presence of AI in stable patients with cirrhosis using the gold-standard insulin tolerance test (ITT) and to propose an algorithm for screening AI in these patients.

Material And Methods: We studied 40 stable patients with cirrhosis.

Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus: An observational study from a gastroenterology clinic.

Introduction And Aims: Barrett's esophagus is a condition that predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Our aim was to establish the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus at our center, as well as determine its associated factors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively assessed the endoscopic reports of 500 outpatients seen at our Gastroenterology Service from November 2014 to April 2016.

Fulminant hepatic failure due to metastatic choroidal melanoma.

Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) as a consequence of metastatic disease is extremely uncommon. The liver is the most commonly affected organ by metastatic disease, but only a few cases of ALF in the setting of metastatic choroidal melanoma have been reported.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 47-year-old man with right upper quadrant pain, progressive jaundice, and unintentional weight loss.

Special situations in inflammatory bowel disease: First Latin American consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) (Second part).

This is the first Latin American Consensus of the Pan American Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO) regarding special situations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this consensus is to raise awareness in the medical community in all Latin American countries with respect to pregnancy, vaccinations, infections, neoplasms, including colorectal cancer, and pediatric issues in patients with IBD.

Diagnosis and management of patients with an intermediate probability of choledocholithiasis.

We thank Dr. Dib for his interest in our prospective study, in which we assessed the accuracy of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines for the prediction of choledocholithiasis (CL). The guidelines suggest the option of using a less-invasive initial test including endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients with intermediate probability of CL.

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly people: Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, outcomes and prognostic factors in elderly patients (aged 75 years and elder) with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).

Methods: Consecutive patients admitted with acute nonvariceal UGIB who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were prospectively recruited and subdivided into two age-based groups, elderly (aged ≥75 years) and younger patients (<75 years). The patients' characteristics and outcomes were recorded.

Hypoalbuminemia in the outcome of patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Introduction And Aim: The role of serum albumin level in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGB) has not been extensively studied. Our aim was to evaluate the role of serum albumin on admission in terms of in-hospital mortality in patients with NVUGB.

Materials And Methods: Patients admitted with NVUGB during a 4-year period were prospectively included.

Gastrointestinal disorders associated with migraine: A comprehensive review.

Migraine is a recurrent and commonly disabling primary headache disorder that affects over 17% of women and 5%-8% of men. Migraine susceptibility is multifactorial with genetic, hormonal and environmental factors all playing an important role. The physiopathology of migraine is complex and still not fully understood.

Effects of melatonin on the acute inflammatory response associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with an acute inflammatory response and melatonin has a variety of immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects studied experimentally in pancreatobiliary pathology.

Aims: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of peri-procedural administration of melatonin on the inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation associated with ERCP.

Methods: In this proof-of-concept clinical trial, 37 patients with a high probability of choledocholithiasis were randomized to receive peri-procedure (ERCP) melatonin or placebo.

Massive hemoptysis due to intercostal artery aneurysm in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening complication of pulmonary tuberculosis. In the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, massive hemoptysis can result from a number of different causes, with an artery aneurysm being rarely reported. Here we present a case of recurrent massive hemoptysis in a 28-year-old man suffering from active pulmonary tuberculosis due to an aneurysmatic lesion of the second intercostal artery.

Accuracy of ASGE criteria for the prediction of choledocholithiasis.

Background/aims: Few studies have validated the performance of guidelines for the prediction of choledocholithiasis (CL). Our objective was to prospectively assess the accuracy of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines for the identification of CL.

Methods: A two-year prospective evaluation of patients with suspected CL was performed.

[Apixaban as therapeutic option in nephropathy patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)].

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic condition caused by antibodies against the heparin-PF4 complex. This disorder is even more problematic in patients undergoing hemodialysis since they are repeatedly exposed to heparin. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach is particularly challenging in this population.