Isolated bilateral posterior semicircular canal hypofunction: comparison with bilateral vestibulopathy.

Background: Chronic unsteadiness is a common complaint at vestibular clinics. Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) is a major cause of chronic unsteadiness but is often overlooked. Although diagnostic criteria for BVP have been established by the Barany Society, isolated vertical canal hypofunction can remain undiagnosed.

On the reaction-diffusion type modelling of the self-propelled object motion.

In this study, we propose a mathematical model of self-propelled objects based on the Allen-Cahn type phase-field equation. We combine it with the equation for the concentration of surfactant used in previous studies to construct a model that can handle self-propelled object motion with shape change. A distinctive feature of our mathematical model is that it can represent both deformable self-propelled objects, such as droplets, and solid objects, such as camphor disks, by controlling a single parameter.

Diagnosis of Patients Presenting with Vertigo, Headache, and Epileptic Seizure: Evaluating Vestibular Patients by Using Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential and Auditory Middle Latency Responses in the Clinical Setting.

Migraine and vertigo are common complaints seen in clinical practice, and in a few such cases, we also find epileptic manifestations, including migraine-triggered seizures. Currently, patients presenting with vertigo and headache are diagnosed according to established diagnostic criteria for Meniere's disease, vestibular migraine, or vestibular migraine/Meniere's disease overlapping syndrome. In addition to using those diagnostic criteria and the patient's history, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and auditory middle latency responses are useful tools to better understand the physiological background of these patients and also to confirm the diagnosis.

The formation of spreading front: the singular limit of three-component reaction-diffusion models.

Understanding the invasion processes of biological species is a fundamental issue in ecology. Several mathematical models have been proposed to estimate the spreading speed of species. In recent decades, it was reported that some mathematical models of population dynamics have an explicit form of the evolution equations for the spreading front, which are represented by free boundary problems such as the Stefan-like problem (e.

Butterfly-like Shape Liquid Crystals Based Fused-Thiophene as Unidimensional Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors with High Mobility.

Mesomorphous butterfly-like shape molecules based on benzodithiophene, benzodithiophene-4,8-dione and cyclopentadithiophen-4-one core moieties were efficiently synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Scholl oxidative cyclo-dehydrogenation reactions' tandem. Most of the butterfly molecules spontaneously self-organize into columnar hexagonal mesophase. The electron-deficient systems possess strong solvent-gelling ability but are not luminescent, whereas the electron-rich terms do not form gels but strongly emit light between 400 and 600 nm.

Nonlinear Nonacenes with a Dithienothiophene Substructure: Multifunctional Compounds that Act as Columnar Mesogens, Luminophores, π Gelators, and p-Type Semiconductors.

Board-like liquid-crystalline semiconductors based on the dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene (DTT) substructure were synthesized and their thermal, self-assembly, optical, and semiconducting properties investigated. These sanidic compounds, bearing eight peripheral chains, are mesomorphic and spontaneously self-assemble into columnar hexagonal mesophases (Col ) over broad temperature ranges, as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Strong blue photoluminescence with absolute quantum yields up to 33 % were measured.

Cancer Awareness and Understanding of Students in Japan: What Do Students Having Close Relatives with Cancer Think About the Disease?

Students have become more familiar with cancer because of media, such as television or the Internet, reporting on celebrity cancer cases. Moreover, with Japan's increasing age and cancer rates, the number of students whose parents/relatives develop cancer is likely to increase. This study examined cancer awareness and understanding among students aged 10 to 16 or more.

Tuning the Magnetic Properties of Columnar Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls with the Molecular Shape.

A homologous series of disc-like 1,3,6-trisubstituted benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin-4-yls 1[n] was synthesized and their structural, thermal, optical, magnetic, and electric properties were investigated. The results demonstrate that all members of the series display a Col phase with clearing temperatures depending on the length of the alkoxy chains at the N(1) position, hence the shape of the disc. Powder XRD and magnetic data indicate a gradual change in the column diameter and magnetic behavior in the series in transition from half-disc in 1[0] (antiferromagnetic interactions) to full-disc geometry in the 1[12] homologue (ferromagnetic interactions with J/k =+7.

Board-like Fused-Thiophene Liquid Crystals and their Benzene Analogs: Facile Synthesis, Self-Assembly, p-Type Semiconductivity, and Photoluminescence.

Fused-thiophene discotic liquid crystals were designed and easily synthesized by Suzuki coupling and FeCl oxidized tandem cyclodehydrogenation reactions, including homo- and cross-coupling reactions. The resulting hexagonal and rectangular columnar mesomorphic supramolecular structures formed were characterized by polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The charge carrier transport properties in the mesophases of two of the synthesized fused-thiophene discogens were measured by transient photocurrent time-of-flight (TOF) technique, revealing fast hole transport values in the range of 10 to 10  cm  V  s , thus demonstrating potential applications in electronic devices.

Endoscopic endonasal management of esthesioneuroblastoma: A retrospective multicenter study.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to illustrate the safety and utility of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for the treatment of esthesioneuroblastomas (ENB).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with a diagnosis of ENB between March 2008 and February 2016 at 10 tertiary referral hospitals in Japan, and assessed demographic data, stage of disease, surgical approach, outcomes and postoperative complications.

Results: A total of 22 patients (10 males and 12 females; mean age at presentation, 49.

Influence of Temperature Variation on Field Effect Transistor Properties Using a Solution-Processed Liquid Crystalline Semiconductor, 8TNAT8.

In this study, we used a liquid crystalline (LC) semiconductor, 8TNAT8, solution (e.g., 0.

Substituent-Dependent Magnetic Behavior of Discotic Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyls.

Discotic mesogens containing the benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl radical as the central unit exhibit a Colh phase below 80 °C. Depending on the substituent at the N(1) position, they show different modes of thermal expansion and magnetic behavior, presumably due to differences in molecular organization. Thus, for 1-phenyl (1a) and 1-PhF-m (1b) derivatives, the Colh phase has positive thermal expansion coefficient κ and antiferromagnetic interactions, while for the 1-(3,4,5-(C12H25X)3C6H2) derivatives 1c (X = O) and 1d (X = S), κ is negative and weak ferromagnetic interactions in the crystalline phase are observed for 1c (J/kB = +4.

A Cross-sectional Investigation of Cancer-Screening Intentions, Sources of Information, and Understanding of Cancer in Japanese Adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to describe the cancer-screening intention, sources of cancer information, and cancer understanding among Japanese adolescents. A cross-sectional nationwide survey involving a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Response rates of the target schools were 46.

Highly Segregated Lamello-Columnar Mesophase Organizations and Fast Charge Carrier Mobility in New Discotic Donor-Acceptor Triads.

Four new donor-acceptor triads (D-A-D) based on discotic and arylene mesogens have been synthesized by using Sonogashira coupling and cyclization reactions. This family of triads consists of two side-on pending triphenylene mesogens, acting as the electron-donating groups (D), laterally connected through short lipophilic spacers to a central perylenediimide (PI), benzo[ghi]perylenediimide (BI), or coronenediimide (CI) molecular unit, respectively, playing the role of the electron acceptor (A). All D-A-D triads self-organize to form a lamello-columnar oblique mesophase, with a highly segregated donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunction organization, consequent to efficient molecular self-sorting.

Temperature control of light transmission using mixed system of silica hollow particles with nanoparticle shell and organic components.

We reported before that a silica hollow particle whose shell consists of silica nanoparticle (SHP-NP) has a high light reflection ability to prevent light transmission through the particle, which is caused from the intensive light diffusion by the hollow structure and the nanoparticle of the shell. Since the difference in the refractive indices between silica and air is responsible for the strong light reflection, the mixing of the particle with organic components having refractive indices close to that of silica such as tetradecane produced transparent mixtures by suppression of the light reflection. The transparency of the mixtures thus prepared could be controlled by temperature variation.

Tetragonal phase of 6-oxoverdazyl bent-core derivatives with photoinduced ambipolar charge transport and electrooptical effects.

Bent-core mesogens containing 6-oxoverdazyl radical as the angular central unit exhibit rich polymorphism that includes isotropic-isotropic transition, re-entant isotropic (I(re)), and a novel 3D tetragonal (Tet) phases. Surprisingly, the paramagnetic Tet phase interacts linearly with applied electric field and exhibits photoinduced ambipolar charge transport (μ ≈ 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)). Magnetic analysis showed gradual increase of antiferromagnetic interactions upon cooling.

Cancer understanding among Japanese students based on a nationwide survey.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine cancer understanding among Japanese primary and secondary school students.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional nationwide survey using a self-administered questionnaire. The prefecture with the lowest student population was set to 1, and that with the highest student population was set to 18 for elementary schools and 19 for junior high and high schools based on the ratio of the student population.

A submucosal esophageal fish bone foreign body surgically removed using intraoperative ultrasonography.

A 68 year-old female was referred to our department with a history of swallowing a fish bone, she reported continuous pain when swallowing. The bone was not evident on endoscopic examination; however, on CT scans a foreign body was identified in the upper esophagus. The bone was buried in the mucosa of the upper esophagus and an emergent rigid esophagoscopy was performed under general anesthesia in order to remove it.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the jaw: two new cases and review of the literature.

Background: Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma is very rare. We report two cases of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma of the jaw, one arising from an odontogenic cyst and the other arising de novo.

Methods And Results: The first case was a 76-year-old man with right mandible pain.

Case of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity as underlying aetiology.

Objective: We report a case of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity as a possible underlying aetiology, based on clinical findings, three-dimensional computed tomography and thermographic imaging.

Methods: We present a case report in which we describe the investigation and clinical course of progressive facial hemiatrophy, and we also review the world literature on this condition.

Results: To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity indicated as a possible underlying aetiology, based on clinical findings, three-dimensional computed tomography and thermographic imaging.

Thermochromic discotic 6-oxoverdazyls.

6-Oxoverdazyls 1b[n], substituted with three 3,4,5-trialkoxyphenyl groups (n = 8 and 10), exhibit a columnar hexagonal phase (Col(h)) below 130 °C. They display reversible color change from red to green at the transition to the isotropic phase. XRD and magnetization data do not support dimerization of the radicals in the mesophase.

Vascular malformations of the head and neck.

Objective: Vascular malformations may appear anywhere in the body; 14-65% are in the head and neck. There are several treatments (sclerotherapy, surgery, laser treatment, and embolization, etc.), but standardized guidelines for these treatments are lacking.

Manipulation of liquid filaments on photoresponsive microwrinkles.

Microwrinkle grooves serve as open microchannel capillaries, where the capillary action depends on the wettability of a liquid on the groove surface. Here, we report the photoinduced capillary action of a liquid in such microwrinkle grooves. The wettability is changed through the irradiation of a photoresponsive microwrinkle surface.

Dynamics of discotic fluoroalkylated triphenylene molecules studied by proton NMR relaxometry.

The Larmor frequency and temperature dependence of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxation time was measured in the isotropic and columnar phases of both chain-end fluorinated triphenylene disk-like and fully hydrogenated molecules. In the columnar phase, the results are interpreted in terms of the collective motions, due to the deformations of the columns, and individual molecular translational self-diffusion displacements and rotations/reorientacions. In the isotropic phase, local molecular motions and order fluctuations as a pretransitional effect were considered.

Photoconductive liquid-crystalline derivatives of 6-oxoverdazyl.

1,3,5-Triphenyl-6-oxoverdazyl radicals 1[n], in which each phenyl group is substituted with three alkylsulfanyl groups (n = 6, 8, 10), exhibit a monotropic columnar rectangular (Col(r)) phase below 60 °C. Detailed analysis of 1[n] revealed a broad absorption band in the visible region with maxima at 540 and 610 nm and redox potentials E(1/2)(0/+1) = +0.99 V and E(1/2)(0/-1) = -0.