Rapid Genetic Isolation Among Four Lineages Of Silene nutans.

Speciation is the process leading to the emergence of new species. While being usually progressive, it can sometimes be fast with rapid emergence of reproductive barriers leading to high level of reproductive isolation. Some reproductive barriers might leave signatures in the genome, through elevated level of genetic differentiation at specific loci.

A website to support people with dementia and their family caregivers in advance care planning: Results of a mixed-method evaluation study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a theory-based website to support people with dementia and their families in the advance care planning (ACP) process.

Methods: We conducted an eight-week evaluation study with a convergent parallel mixed-methods design involving people with mild to moderate dementia and their family caregivers who used the website at their convenience. Interviews were conducted at baseline and after 8 weeks to evaluate usability, acceptability, feasibility, experiences, and effects on ACP knowledge, attitudes, perceived barriers to engaging in ACP, self-efficacy and skills to engage in ACP.

Evaluation of interactive web-based tools to stimulate reflection and communication about advance care planning with people with dementia and their family caregivers.

Background: People with dementia and their family caregivers often encounter challenges in engaging in advance care planning (ACP), such as a lack of information and difficulties in engaging in ACP conversations. Using a user-centred design, we developed two interactive web-based tools as part of an ACP support website to stimulate ACP reflection and communication: (1) the 'Thinking Now About Later' tool, with open-ended questions about 'what matters most', and (2) a digital version of the 'Life Wishes Cards', a card tool with pre-formulated statements that prompt reflection about wishes for future care. This study aimed to evaluate the use of and experiences with two web-based tools by people with dementia and their family caregivers.

Usability of web-based tools designed for communication and decision-making in dementia: Systematic review and design brief.

Introduction: There is an increased number of web-based tools designed for people with dementia and their family caregivers and addressing communication and decision-making. The loss of cognitive functions associated with dementia can impact individuals' experiences and use of web-based tools. There is a need for high quality and user-friendly web-based tools that support communication and decision-making for people with dementia and their family caregivers.

The perspectives of people with dementia and their supporters on advance care planning: A qualitative study with the European Working Group of People with Dementia.

Background: Advance care planning has been defined in an international consensus paper, supported by the European Association for Palliative Care. There are concerns that this definition may not apply to dementia. Moreover, it is not informed by input from people with dementia.

Evaluating an advance care planning website for people with dementia and their caregivers: Protocol for a mixed method study.

Background: Web-based tools (e.g., websites, apps) for people with dementia and their family caregivers may be useful in supporting advance care planning (ACP).

Advance Care Planning Website for People With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers: Protocol for a Development and Usability Study.

Background: Web-based tools for people with dementia and their family caregivers have considerably increased over the years and offer promising solutions to several unmet needs such as supporting self-care in daily life, facilitating treatment delivery, or ensuring their ability to communicate. The use of web-based tools in the field of advance care planning (ACP) for people with dementia and their family caregivers has yet to be explored and requires careful consideration, given the sensitive topic and the specific needs of people with dementia and their families.

Objective: This paper reports the protocol for a study aiming to develop and simultaneously test the usability of an ACP website designed for, and with, people with dementia and their families.

Neural Substrates for Hand and Shoulder Movement in Healthy Adults: A Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

Characterization of cortical activation patterns during movements in healthy adults may help our understanding of how the injured brain works. Upper limb motor tasks are commonly used to assess impaired motor function and to predict recovery in individuals with neurological disorders such as stroke. This study aimed to explore cortical activation patterns associated with movements of the hand and shoulder using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and to demonstrate the potential of this technology to distinguish cerebral activation between distal and proximal movements.

A Comparison Between Early Presentation of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Alzheimer's Disease, and Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Routine Primary Care and UK Biobank Data.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to simultaneously contrast prediagnostic clinical characteristics of individuals with a final diagnosis of dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with controls without neurodegenerative disorders.

Methods: Using the longitudinal THIN database in the United Kingdom, we tested the association of each neurodegenerative disorder with a selected list of symptoms and broad families of treatments, and compared the associations between disorders to detect disease-specific effects. We replicated the main findings in the UK Biobank.

Information on advance care planning on websites of dementia associations in Europe: A content analysis.

Objective: To gain insight into the advance care planning (ACP) content provided on dementia associations' websites in Europe.

Methods: We conducted a content analysis of dementia associations' websites in Europe regarding ACP information, using deductive and inductive approaches and a reference framework derived from two ACP definitions.

Results: We included 26 dementia associations' websites from 20 countries and one European association, covering 12 languages.

The cultural adaptation of the go wish card game for use in Flanders, Belgium: a public health tool to identify and discuss end-of-life preferences.

Background: Public health tools like the Go Wish card game from the US, have been found useful to support people in reflecting on their end-of-life preferences, but a cultural adaptation is essential for their success. In the present study, we explore the necessary cultural adaptations to the Go Wish cards by applying an extensive, systematic, and community-engaging negotiating procedure to facilitate the use of the cards in the general population of Flanders, Belgium.

Methods: We used an iterative cultural adaptation process with repeated discussions with various community organizations and representatives of minority and religious groups.

Relation between Cortical Activation and Effort during Robot-Mediated Walking in Healthy People: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuroimaging Study (fNIRS).

Force and effort are important components of a motor task that can impact rehabilitation effectiveness. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of these factors on cortical activation during gait. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between cortical activation and effort required during exoskeleton-mediated gait at different levels of physical assistance in healthy individuals.

Publicly Available, Interactive Web-Based Tools to Support Advance Care Planning: Systematic Review.

Background: There is an increasing number of interactive web-based advance care planning (ACP) support tools, which are web-based aids in any format encouraging reflection, communication, and processing of publicly available information, most of which cannot be found in the peer-reviewed literature.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a systematic review of web-based ACP support tools to describe the characteristics, readability, and quality of content and investigate whether and how they are evaluated.

Methods: We systematically searched the web-based gray literature databases OpenGrey, ClinicalTrials.

Identifying health conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease up to 15 years before diagnosis: an agnostic study of French and British health records.

Background: The identification of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease is paramount for early prevention and the targeting of new interventions. We aimed to assess the associations between health conditions diagnosed in primary care and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease over time, up to 15 years before a first Alzheimer's disease diagnosis.

Methods: In this agnostic study of French and British health records, data from 20 214 patients with Alzheimer's disease in the UK and 19 458 patients with Alzheimer's disease in France were extracted from The Health Improvement Network database.

Unintentional exposure to pregabalin in ≤6-year-old children: a nationwide French Poison Control Center study.

Introduction: In France, pregabalin is widely prescribed in adults but still not approved for children. We aimed to investigate the incidence of pregabalin exposure in ≤6-year-old children, to describe the characteristics and outcome of ingestions involving pregabalin alone, and to estimate a clinically relevant toxic dose in this population.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of pregabalin exposures in ≤6-year-old children, collected by the French Poison Control Centers in 2004-2019.

OXI1 and DAD Regulate Light-Induced Cell Death Antagonistically through Jasmonate and Salicylate Levels.

Singlet oxygen produced from triplet excited chlorophylls in photosynthesis is a signal molecule that can induce programmed cell death (PCD) through the action of the OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCIBLE 1 (OXI1) kinase. Here, we identify two negative regulators of light-induced PCD that modulate expression: DAD1 and DAD2, homologs of the human antiapoptotic protein DEFENDER AGAINST CELL DEATH. Overexpressing in Arabidopsis () increased plant sensitivity to high light and induced early senescence of mature leaves.

Actin filament reorganisation controlled by the SCAR/WAVE complex mediates stomatal response to darkness.

Stomata respond to darkness by closing to prevent excessive water loss during the night. Although the reorganisation of actin filaments during stomatal closure is documented, the underlying mechanisms responsible for dark-induced cytoskeletal arrangement remain largely unknown. We used genetic, physiological and cell biological approaches to show that reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton is required for dark-induced stomatal closure.

Singlet Oxygen-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis under High-Light Stress Is Controlled by OXI1 Kinase.

Studies of the singlet oxygen ((1)O2)-overproducing flu and chlorina1 (ch1) mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have shown that (1)O2-induced changes in gene expression can lead to either programmed cell death (PCD) or acclimation. A transcriptomic analysis of the ch1 mutant has allowed the identification of genes whose expression is specifically affected by each phenomenon. One such gene is OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) encoding an AGC kinase that was noticeably induced by excess light energy and (1)O2 stress conditions leading to cell death.

Open All Night Long: the dark side of stomatal control.

Isolation of Arabidopsis mutants that maintain stomata open all night long credits the existence of dedicated regulators for stomatal closure in darkness.

Light-induced acclimation of the Arabidopsis chlorina1 mutant to singlet oxygen.

Singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is a reactive oxygen species that can function as a stress signal in plant leaves leading to programmed cell death. In microalgae, ¹O₂-induced transcriptomic changes result in acclimation to ¹O₂. Here, using a chlorophyll b-less Arabidopsis thaliana mutant (chlorina1 [ch1]), we show that this phenomenon can also occur in vascular plants.

The dual effect of abscisic acid on stomata.

The classical view that the drought-related hormone ABA simply acts locally at the guard cell level to induce stomatal closure is questioned by differences between isolated epidermis and intact leaves in stomatal response to several stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that ABA mediates, in addition to a local effect, a remote effect in planta by changing hydraulic regulation in the leaf upstream of the stomata. By gravimetry, porometry to water vapour and argon, and psychrometry, we investigated the effect of exogenous ABA on transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance of mutants described as ABA-insensitive at the guard cell level.

Investigation of the role of sigma1-receptors in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate dependent calcium signaling in hepatocytes.

In hepatocytes, as in other cell types, Ca(2+) signaling is subject to complex regulations, which result largely from the intrinsic characteristics of the different inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R) isoforms and from their interactions with other proteins. Although sigma1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are widely expressed in the liver, their involvement in hepatic Ca(2+) signaling remains unknown. We here report that in this cell type Sig-1R interact with type 1 isoforms of the InsP(3) receptors (InsP(3)R-1).

Immediate neuroendocrine signaling after partial hepatectomy through acute portal hyperpressure and cholestasis.

Background & Aims: Early neuroendocrine pathways contribute to liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH). We investigated one of these pathways involving acute cholestasis, immediate portal hyperpressure, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion.

Methods: Surgical procedure (PH, Portal vein stenosis (PVS), bile duct ligation (BDL), spinal cord lesion (SCL)) and treatments (capsaicin, bile acids (BA), oleanolic acid (OA)) were performed on rats and/or wild type or TGR5 (GPBAR1) knock-out mice.