Study of Serum Adiponectin and Interleukin-1β Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes.

Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with alterations in the regulation of glucose metabolism caused by actions of various placental hormones and substances that antagonise the action of insulin leading to a state of relative insulin resistance as pregnancy progresses. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Adiponectin is known to be synthesised by adipocytes as well as by the placenta during pregnancy.

Comparison of liquid-based cytology with conventional cytology in the evaluation of abdominal masses.

Context: Liquid-based cytology.

Aims: Utility of liquid-based cytology (LBC) was compared to conventional smear cytology in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of abdominal masses.

Settings And Design: This was a prospective comparative study conducted in collaboration with surgery and pediatrics surgery departments of our institute.

Effect of steam parboiling and hot soaking treatments on milling yield, physical, physicochemical, bioactive and digestibility properties of buckwheat ( L.).

Post-harvest hydrothermal processing of grains are targeted at improving milling performances and nutritional properties. In this study, the effects of two hydrothermal processes, namely steam parboiling and soaking in boiling water for different durations on properties of buckwheat ( L.) grown in the Indian Himalayan regions were assessed.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Post Prostatic Massage Urine Cytology in Diagnosis of Various Prostatic Lesions with Cytohistological and Clinical Correlation.

Background: Elderly men are at high risk of various prostatic diseases carrying high morbidity and mortality rates. For screening large populations, there is a need for a simple, reliable, and noninvasive test with high sensitivity and specificity. Exfoliated prostatic cancer cells can be harvested by prostatic massage and subjected to cytologic examination and molecular tests.

Factors affecting the codon usage bias of SRY gene across mammals.

Codon usage bias (CUB) is extensively found in a wide variety genomes and it is mostly affected by mutation pressure and natural selection. Analysis of CUB helps in studying the evolutionary features of a genome. The SRY gene plays an important role in male reproductive organ and a good candidate to study the evolutionary forces, since little work was reported earlier on this gene.

Factors influencing codon usage of mitochondrial ND1 gene in pisces, aves and mammals.

Animal mitochondrial genome harbours 13 protein coding genes which regulate the process of respiration. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (MT-ND1) gene, one of the 13 protein-coding genes, encodes the NADH dehydrogenase 1 enzyme of the respiratory chain. Analysis of codon usage bias (CUB) acquires importance for better understanding of the molecular biology, new gene discovery, design of transgenes and gene evolution.

Gene expression, nucleotide composition and codon usage bias of genes associated with human Y chromosome.

Analysis of codon usage pattern is important to understand the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of genomes. We have used bioinformatic approaches to analyze the codon usage bias (CUB) of the genes located in human Y chromosome. Codon bias index (CBI) indicated that the overall extent of codon usage bias was low.

Role of morphometry in the cytological differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

Context: Thyroid nodules represent a common problem, with an estimated prevalence of 4-7%. Although fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been accepted as a first line diagnostic test, the rate of false negative reports of malignancy is still high. Nuclear morphometry is the measurement of nuclear parameters by image analysis.

Codon usage bias and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial ND1 gene in pisces, aves, and mammals.

The mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (MT-ND1) gene is a subunit of the respiratory chain complex I and involved in the first step of the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). To understand the pattern of compositional properties, codon usage and expression level of mitochondrial ND1 genes in pisces, aves, and mammals, we used bioinformatic approaches as no work was reported earlier. In this study, a perl script was used for calculating nucleotide contents and different codon usage bias parameters.

HLA Profile of Celiac Disease among First-Degree Relatives from a Tertiary Care Center in North India.

Objective: To study the prevalence of Celiac disease (CD) in first-degree relatives (FDR) of CD children.

Methods: This observational study was performed in FDR (parents and siblings) of consecutive newly diagnosed cases of CD enrolled from January 2011 through March 2012. Screening for CD in FDR was done using IgA tissue transglutaminase (tTG) levels in serum and the seropositive subset underwent upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy and biopsy to confirm the disease.

Codon usage pattern in human SPANX genes.

Background: SPANX (sperm protein coupled with the nucleus in the X chromosome) genes play a crucial role in human spermatogenesis. Codon usage bias (CUB) is a well-known phenomenon that exists in many genomes and mainly determined by mutation and selection. CUB is species specific and a unique characteristic of a genome.

Codon bias and gene expression of mitochondrial ND2 gene in chordates.

Background: Mitochondrial ND gene, which encodes NADH dehydrogenase, is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Leigh syndrome, a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutation in the ND2 gene (T4681C), is associated with bilateral symmetric lesions in basal ganglia and subcortical brain regions. Therefore, it is of interest to analyze mitochondrial DNA to glean information for evolutionary relationship.

Influence of bamboo shoot powder fortification on physico-chemical, textural and organoleptic characteristics of biscuits.

Bamboo shoot has attracted significant research and a commercial interest due to its many health-promoting bioactive compounds as well as its effectiveness in decreasing blood pressure, cholesterol and increasing appetite. As availability of fresh shoot is limited due to its seasonality there is need of incorporation of nutrients of shoot to any common food product which is easily available throughout year. Shoots of Bambusa balcooa variety were taken and edible parts were separated.

Congenital peripheral ameloblastic fibroma with intraosseous involvement in a 2-week-old infant: A case report with review of literature.

Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare, slow-growing benign mixed odontogenic tumor. It constitutes 2% of odontogenic tumors and is reported to occur at an age ranging from 6 months to 42 years. The youngest being a 7-week-old infant.

Yolk sac tumor of cryptorchid testis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Yolk sac tumor is the most common germ cell tumor in infants and children. Majority of them arise in the gonads. Yolk sac tumor of undescended testis has been rarely diagnosed.

Myxopapillary ependymoma: Lesser known cytomorphologic features.

Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) is a rare and distinctive tumor which occurs in the sacrococcygeal area of young adults and children, often intradural in location. Histopathologic features have been well-described in the literature whereas cytological findings have been sporadically reported by various authors mainly as case reports. We report the features of a primary sacrococcygeal MPE on aspirate cytology in a 45-year-old female.

Immunohistochemical detection of axillary lymph node micrometastases in node negative breast cancer patients using cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.

Background And Objective: The study was conducted to detect occult metastases in lymph node negative breast cancer patients using cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlate this with primary tumor size and grade.

Materials And Methods: A total of 32 cases including 12 prospective and 20 retrospective cases of axillary lymph node negative breast cancer were studied. CK and EMA IHC were performed to detect micrometastases.

Cytodiagnosis of idiopathic calcinosis cutis: a case report.

We report a case of idiopathic calcinosis cutis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in a 50-yr-old female who presented with a subcutaneous swelling near the left iliac crest. Cytological finding of amorphous calcium salts with histiocytes and the appropriate clinical background led to the cytodiagnosis of idiopathic calcinosis cutis as subsequently confirmed on histopathology. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of calcinosis cutis on cytology smears are also discussed.

Idiopathic eosinophilic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis: a report of two cases.

Eosinophilic cholecystitis is a rare entity diagnosed on the basis of classical presentation of cholecystitis with presence of more than 90% eosinophilic infiltration within the gall bladder. The etiology of eosinophilic cholecystitis still remains obscure. However it is frequently associated with other more severe diseases like hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic-myalgia syndrome, parasitic infestations, few herbal medicines and certain drugs.

A cytohistological study of p53 overexpression in ovarian neoplasms.

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of imprint cytology in ovarian neoplasms, investigate the biological significance of p53 expression in malignant ovarian tumors and correlate it with histological type, grade and stage of tumor.

Material And Methods: A total of 50 cases including 25 prospective and 25 retrospective cases were studied. Imprint cytology was performed on 25 ovarian tumors and compared with histopathological diagnosis.