Gut Dysbiosis and Blood-Brain Barrier Alteration in Hepatic Encephalopathy: From Gut to Brain.

A common neuropsychiatric complication of advanced liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), impacts the quality of life and length of hospital stays. There is new evidence that gut microbiota plays a significant role in brain development and cerebral homeostasis. Microbiota metabolites are providing a new avenue of therapeutic options for several neurological-related disorders.

Interocular Axial Length Difference and Treatment Outcomes of Anisometropic Amblyopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of interocular axial length (AL) difference on outcomes of treatment for anisometropic amblyopia in comparison with normal participants.

Methods: In this historical cohort study, 83 patients with anisometropic amblyopia were divided into two age groups, 70 children (mean, 7.86 1.

The effect of different amblyopia treatment protocols on axial length of non-amblyopic eyes in anisohyperopic patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of full-time and part-time occlusion therapy on axial length (AL) of non-amblyopic eyes in anisohyperopic patients.

Methods: Sixty-five patients who were treated for anisohyperopic amblyopia were recruited for this prospective cross-sectional study. Treatment was provided as patching of the non-amblyopic for 4 h or less (part-time occlusion therapy, n = 42), patching of the non-amblyopic for 8 h or more (full-time occlusion therapy, n = 13) and refractive correction (spectacles, non-patched group, n = 10).