Pharmacogenomic insights: IL-23R and ATG-10 polymorphisms in Sorafenib response for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Sorafenib is the first FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. This study investigates the influence of IL-23R (rs7517847) and ATG-10 (rs10514231) genetic polymorphisms on Sorafenib response, survival outcomes, average tolerable dose, and adverse events.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in periampullary diverticulum: The challenge of cannulation.

Periampullary diverticulum (PAD) is duodenal outpunching defined as herniation of the mucosa or submucosa that occurs via a defect in the muscle layer within an area of 2 to 3 cm around the papilla. Although PAD is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), it is associated with different pathological conditions such as common bile duct obstruction, pancreatitis, perforation, bleeding, and rarely carcinoma. ERCP has a low rate of success in patients with PAD, suggesting that this condition may complicate the technical application of the ERCP procedure.

Acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus: A rare cause of haematemesis.

Gastric volvulus is a rare condition that is typically characterised by abdominal pain and unproductive retching. The volvulus occurs around an axis formed by two fixed points, organoaxial or mesenteroaxial. Although a rare diagnosis, primary care providers and emergency room physicians should be aware of the telltale signs of gastric volvulus, and endoscopists should be able to recognise the endoscopic features that are suggestive of this diagnosis.

Rapunzel syndrome.

Bezoars are concretions of human or vegetable fibers that accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract. Trichobezoars are common in patients with underlying psychiatric disorders who chew and swallow their own hair. Rapunzel syndrome is a rare form of gastric trichobezoar with a long tail extending into the small bowel.