Consecutive antibiotic use in the outpatient setting: an extensive, longitudinal descriptive analysis of antibiotic dispensing data in the Netherlands.

Introduction: Taking consecutive antibiotic use into account is of importance to obtain insight in treatment within disease episodes, use of 2nd- and 3rd-choice antibiotics, therapy failure and/or side effects. Nevertheless, studies dealing with consecutive antibiotic use are scarce. We aimed at evaluating switch patterns in antibiotic use in the outpatient setting in the Netherlands.

Real-World Adverse Effects of Capecitabine Toxicity in an Elderly Population.

Background: Few studies have assessed the safety and effectiveness of the numerous available chemotherapeutic therapies for geriatric oncology patients. Most safety studies are conducted in large trials, and there is some uncertainty surrounding whether the results would be the same in typical daily use.

Objective: This retrospective study aims to assess the adverse effects of real-world capecitabine use in elderly patients.

Pharmacokinetics, Short-term Safety and Efficacy of the Approved Once-daily Darunavir/Ritonavir Dosing Regimen in HIV-infected Children.

In this multicenter pharmacokinetic study in HIV-infected children (6-12 years of age), we validated the approved once-daily darunavir/ritonavir dosing recommendations. The geometric mean darunavir area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 63.1 h·mg/L, substantially lower than the mean value observed in adults.

Surveillance of antimicrobial use in Dutch long-term care facilities.

Objectives: : Residents living in a long-term care facility (LTCF) are more susceptible to infections. Treatment with antimicrobials is sometimes necessary; however, antibiotic use is considered one of the most important drivers of the development of antibiotic resistance. Surveillance data on antibiotic use in these LTCFs are necessary to get more insight into these patterns.

Usefulness of quality indicators for antibiotic use: case study for the Netherlands.

Quality Problem: Inappropriate antibiotic use drives development of antimicrobial resistance. Worldwide, guideline adherence for antibiotic treatment of infectious disease is far from optimal. Insight in prescribing quality is pivotal for healthcare professionals and policy makers to intervene appropriately.

Carriage of antimicrobial-resistant commensal bacteria in Dutch long-term-care facilities.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess carriage of antimicrobial-resistant commensal microorganisms, i.e. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and its predictors in long-term-care facilities (LTCFs).

The ARRIBA concept: adequate resorption of ribavirin.

Background: Adequate ribavirin exposure is essential for optimal sustained virological response (SVR) rates in chronic HCV treatment. It has been proposed that the area under the concentration-time curve up to 4 h after intake of ribavirin (AUC0-4 h) of the first weight-based ribavirin dose should be ≥1.755 mg•h/l to guarantee the highest chance of SVR.

A new brace treatment similar for adolescent scoliosis and kyphosis based on restoration of thoracolumbar lordosis. Radiological and subjective clinical results after at least one year of treatment.

Study Design: A prospective treatment study with a new brace was conducted Objective. To evaluate radiological and subjective clinical results after one year conservative brace treatment with pressure onto lordosis at the thoracolumbar joint in children with scoliosis and kyphosis.

Summary Of Background Data: Conservative brace treatment of adolescent scoliosis is not proven to be effective in terms of lasting correction.

Adherence to guidelines for the prescribing of double and triple combinations of antithrombotic agents.

Background: To prevent cardiovascular complications, sometimes double and triple therapy with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA), clopidogrel and/or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) are indicated. These combinations increase the patient's risk of serious bleeding events. Therefore, adherence to clinical guidelines is of the utmost importance when these high-risk therapies are prescribed.