Priority Clinical Actions for Outpatient Management of Nonhospitalized Traumatic Brain Injury.

Outpatient care following nonhospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) is variable, and often sparse. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's 2022 report on highlighted the need to improve the consistency and quality of TBI care in the community. In response, the present study aimed to identify existing evidence-based guidance and specific clinical actions over the days to months following nonhospitalized TBI that should be prioritized for implementation in primary care.

Perceived usability and acceptability of the My-Hip Fracture risk communication tool from the perspective of academic clinicians.

Objective: We evaluated the usability and acceptability of My-Hip Fracture (My-HF), a web application that assists providers in delivering individualized prognostic information to patients hospitalized for hip fracture (HF).

Methods: We observed a sample of 16 clinicians as they navigated My-HF. We then administered a structured questionnaire and conducted semi-structured interviews to explore participants' opinions about the app's content and the feasibility of incorporating the app into clinical workflows.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury Outcomes From 2009 to 2023: Protocol for a Systematic Review.

Background: In 2009, Gary and colleagues reviewed prior research examining racial and ethnic differences in outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Over the past 15 years, advances in research and changes in the demographic composition of the United States warrant a comprehensive understanding of racial and ethnic disparities after TBI.

Objective: A systematic review will be conducted to examine racial and ethnic differences in TBI outcomes from 2009 to 2023.

Health literacy after traumatic brain injury: characterisation and control comparison.

Background Little is known about health literacy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors. The aims of this study were to compare health literacy in individuals with TBI with that of a control group; to examine the association between health literacy in individuals with TBI and demographic, injury, and cognitive factors; and compare the relationship between health literacy and physical and mental health outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional observational study design was used.

More Than Skin Deep: Patient-Provider Racial and Ethnic Concordance and Discordance in Collegiate Athletics and Concussion Management.

Context: There is strong evidence that racial and ethnic disparities exist in multiple arenas of health and wellness. The causes of racial and ethnic differences in health care are multidimensional; one factor that may affect injury/illness communication, interactions, and outcomes is patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance. At present, it is unclear what role patient-provider racial and ethnic concordance and discordance plays in facilitating concussion care for collegiate athletes.

Characterizing Health Literacy and Its Correlates Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To characterize health literacy among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least a year postinjury and to explore its relationship to sociodemographic variables, injury severity, and cognition.

Setting: Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: In total, 205 individuals with complicated mild to severe TBI who completed follow-up as part of a national longitudinal study of TBI and completed a web-based health literacy measure.

Vision Impairment and Frailty Among Mexican American Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.

We examined the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and new-onset frailty among non-frail Mexican American older adults (≥70 years) at baseline and determined the differential impact of VI on each frailty criteria. Data were from an 18-year prospective cohort from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1998/1999, = 1072 to 2016, = 175). Frailty was defined as ≥3 criteria: unintentional weight loss of >10 pounds, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slowness.

Comparative effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training, mirabegron, and trospium among older women with urgency urinary incontinence and high fall risk: a feasibility randomized clinical study.

Background: Untreated, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) can precipitate a vicious cycle of decreasing physical activity, social isolation, fear of falling, and falls. Structured behavioral interventions and medications are common initial treatment options, but they elicit their effects through very different mechanisms of action that may influence fall-related outcomes differently. This study will determine the feasibility of conducting a comparative effectiveness, three-arm, mixed methods, randomized clinical trial of a behaviorally based pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) intervention versus two recent drug options in older women with UUI or OAB who are also at increased risk of falling.

Risk Factors for Post-Discharge Adverse Outcomes Following Hospitalization Among Older Adults Diagnosed With Elder Mistreatment.

Using 100% Medicare data files, this study explored whether primary elder mistreatment (EM) diagnosis, EM type, and facility type were associated with 3-year mortality and 1-year unplanned hospital readmission among older patients diagnosed with EM with hospital discharge from 10/01/2015 through 12/31/2018 ( = 11,023). We also examined outcome differences between older patients diagnosed with EM and matched non-EM patient controls. Neglect by others was the most common EM diagnosis.

The Relationship of Health Literacy to Health Outcomes Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the associations between health literacy and health outcomes among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) at least a year post-injury.

Setting: Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: A total of 205 individuals with complicated mild to severe TBI who completed a TBI Model Systems National Database follow-up interview and a web-based health literacy measure.

Subtyping Social Determinants of Health in : Network Analysis and Visualization Approach.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as financial resources and housing stability, account for between 30-55% of people's health outcomes. While many studies have identified strong associations among specific SDoH and health outcomes, most people experience multiple SDoH that impact their daily lives. Analysis of this complexity requires the integration of personal, clinical, social, and environmental information from a large cohort of individuals that have been traditionally underrepresented in research, which is only recently being made available through the research program.

An Umbrella Review of Self-Management Interventions for Health Conditions With Symptom Overlap With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To synthesize evidence for the effectiveness of self-management interventions for chronic health conditions that have symptom overlap with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to extract recommendations for self-management intervention in persons with TBI.

Design: An umbrella review of existing systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials or nonrandomized studies targeting self-management of chronic conditions and specific outcomes relevant to persons with TBI.

Method: A comprehensive literature search of 5 databases was conducted using PRISMA guidelines.

Interprofessional Perceptions of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Cultural Competence, and Humility Among Students and Faculty: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: An urgent educational need is to examine the current gaps in cultural competence/humility, diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) that may significantly affect the teaching and learning environments among students/faculty. This mixed-methods study examined the current level of cultural competemility and perceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)-related challenges and recommendations among students/faculty of health professions.

Methods: Students and faculty completed a survey including the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competemility Among Healthcare Professionals (IAPCC-HCP©) and open-ended questions on their DEI perceptions and needs.

Effect of Physical Activity on Association between COVID-19 and Personal Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Our study investigated whether changes in physical activity due to COVID-19 mediate the association between quarantine or hospitalization due to COVID-19 and COVID-19 life impact score. A total of 154 participants (0.23%) were quarantined or hospitalized due to COVID-19.

Care patterns and predictors of community residence among older patients after hospital discharge for traumatic brain injury.

Background: An increasing number of older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) require hospitalization, but it is unknown whether they return to their community following discharge. We examined community residence following acute hospital discharge for TBI in Texas and identified factors associated with 90-day community residence and readmission.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using 100% Texas Medicare claims data of patients older than 65 years hospitalized for a TBI from January 1, 2014, through December 31, 2017, and followed for 20 weeks after discharge.

Life-space mobility and post-hospitalization outcomes among older Mexican American Medicare beneficiaries.

Background: Older adults with limited mobility are at an increased risk of adverse health outcomes, an outcome inadequately investigated in older Mexican Americans. We explored whether pre-admission life-space mobility predicts post-hospitalization outcomes among hospitalized Mexican American Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods: Life-space mobility, using the Life-Space Assessment (LSA), was analyzed using quartiles and 5-point intervals.

The Pre-Adaptation of a Stroke-Specific Self-Management Program Among Older Adults.

Managing multimorbidity as aging stroke patients is complex; standard self-management programs necessitate adaptations. We used visual analytics to examine complex relationships among aging stroke survivors' comorbidities. These findings informed pre-adaptation of a component of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program.

Education on the consequences of traumatic brain injury for children and adolescents with TBI and families/caregivers: a systematic scoping review.

Objective(s): To examine the breadth of education or training on the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for children and adolescents with TBI and their families/caregivers.

Methods: Systematic scoping review of literature published through July 2018 using eight databases and education, training, instruction, and pediatric search terms. Only studies including pediatric participants (age <18) with TBI or their families/caregivers were included.

The Association Between Payer Source and Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation Outcomes: A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between payer source for acute rehabilitation, residential median household income (MHI), and outcomes at rehabilitation discharge after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Acute inpatient rehabilitation facilities.

Participants: In total, 8558 individuals enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database who were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation between 2006 and 2019 and were younger than 64 years.

The Role of Physical Activity and Depression on Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Using Propensity Score Matching Approaches.

This study examined the association between achieving the recommended physical activity level and quality of life after controlling for depression. Health information from adults aged 65 years and older, who had participated in the seventh 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, was used. Five covariate adjustment models were used to derive robust estimates of the association between physical activity practice levels, depression, and older adults' quality of life.

Important-performance analysis to conceptualize goal priorities in community dwelling stroke survivors.

Background: It is important for clinicians to have a better understanding of stroke survivor's goals. Important performance analysis (IPA) is a tool that could be utilized to identify goal priorities in rehabilitation.

Objectives: To examine the utility of the IPA method to identify goal priorities in a diverse group of community dwelling stroke survivors.

Differences in physical function across cancer recovery phases: Findings from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey.

Introduction: Recent cancer survivors (<2 years post-diagnosis) report poorer general health and physical weakness compared to long-term cancer survivors (≥2 years post-diagnosis), but differences in functional limitations are unknown. It is unclear which daily tasks are more difficult for recent versus long-term survivors. We aimed to examine differences in functional performances across cancer recovery phases as potential targets for functional impairment screening.

Primary Language and Participation Outcomes in Hispanics With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the relationship between primary language and participation outcomes in English- and Spanish-speaking persons with complicated mild to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 1 year post-injury.

Setting: Community following discharge from inpatient rehabilitation.

Participants: A total of 998 Hispanic participants with outcomes available at year 1 follow-up; 492 (49%) indicated English as their primary language and 506 (51%) indicated Spanish as their primary language.