Public Health.

Background: Although visual and hearing impairment have been identified as established risk factors for dementia, evidence was limited on the association of the coexistence of these two sensory impairments with incident dementia, especially in the U.S. The study aimed to examine the associations between sensory impairment and 10-year risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.

Mental Health Care Disparities Among US Pregnant Individuals in 2020-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: To examine maternal characteristics associated with perceived unmet mental health needs and mental health care settings, focusing on residential rurality and race/ethnicity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reported unmet mental health needs and mental health care settings among 1097 pregnant respondents in the 2020-2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, incorporating the complex sampling weights for national representativeness.

Findings: Non-Hispanic Black pregnant individuals and those living in nonmetro rural areas reported lower odds of unmet mental health needs compared to those in large metro areas and non-Hispanic White individuals.

Challenges to School Success Among Children in U.S. Military Families.

Introduction: More than 90% of children in military families attend civilian schools that may lack understanding of the unique experiences and stressors of military life. School success in children of military families has important implications on future academic achievement, health outcomes, and military groups; yet there has not been an examination of challenges of school success among children of military families in the United States using nationally representative data.

Materials And Methods: Data captured in the 2021-2022 National Survey of Children's Health, limited to children aged 6 to 17 years, were used to examine the association between child's caregiver military status and challenges of school success: lack of school engagement measured through caring about school and completing schoolwork, school absenteeism, and grade repetition (n = 60,599).

Coping strategies associated with art adherence among older adults living with HIV, South Carolina.

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) are living longer due to improvements in HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART). Even though ART improves HIV prognosis and life expectancy, its adherence is hindered by many factors. As the population of older adults living with HIV (OALH) continues to increase, it is important to understand the psychosocial factors that are associated with living with HIV to improve ART adherence.

Childhood Sexual Trauma, Substance Use, and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Older Adults Living With HIV: A Mediational Analysis.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is linked to substance use and lower antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. However, studies examining the mediational role of substance use between CSA and ART adherence are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential mediational role of substance use between CSA and ART adherence among older adults living with HIV (OALH) ( = 91).

Just as expected? Older adults' aging expectations are associated with subjective cognition.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between older adults' expectations regarding aging and subjective cognition. Specifically, we examined whether the three domains of aging expectations (physical health, mental health, and cognitive function) were associated with two aspects of subjective cognition: current subjective cognition and subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Method: An online survey was conducted among U.

A closer examination of the "rural mortality penalty": Variability by race, region, and measurement.

Background: Racial health disparities are well documented and pervasive across the United States. Evidence suggests there is a "rural mortality penalty" whereby rural residents experience poorer health outcomes than their urban counterparts. However, whether this penalty is uniform across demographic groups and U.

The Associations of Sensory Impairment With 10-Year Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: The Health and Retirement Study, 2010-2020.

Background: Studies have examined the association between dual sensory impairment and late-life cognitive outcomes in the U.S with inconsistent findings.

Objective: To examine the associations between sensory impairment and 10-year risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease among U.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and HIV-Related Stigma: A Quantitative Survey of Tanzanian Men, June 2019.

Experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may impact personal opinions, attitudes, and judgments, which can further result in HIV-related stigma. HIV-related stigma consequentially may impact HIV preventive measures such as HIV testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake, and condom use. The extent to which ACEs influence HIV-related stigma perception has not been well studied.

Physical activity initiated from midlife on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment: The Health and Retirement Study.

Background: Physical activity is associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, but existing randomized controlled trials have shown conflicting results. As cognitive decline occurs decades before the onset of dementia, physical activity interventions initiated in late life may have missed the potential window for prevention. An ideal trial of physical activity initiated from midlife and lasts till incident dementia and cognitive impairment in late life is not feasible.

Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia Among Non-Hispanic White and Black Populations Aged 50-64 in the United States, 2006-2016.

Background And Objectives: Non-Hispanic Black populations (NHB) have a significantly higher prevalence of dementia than non-Hispanic Whites in the U.S., and the underlying risk factors may play a role in this racial disparity.

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Compulsive Sexual Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Newly Diagnosed with HIV.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV.

"I Don't Believe That One": A Qualitative Study of Undetectable = Untransmittable Views Among Older Adults Living With HIV in South Carolina.

Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) means that people with HIV who achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load have effectively zero risk of sexually transmitting the virus to others. However, research on how U = U is perceived by older adults living with HIV (OAH) is currently lacking. This study explored U = U views among OAH.

Child and Adolescent Health in the United States: The Role of Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with poorer health from childhood into adulthood. There has been limited prior research examining the associations between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and health among children.

Objective: The present study examines the association between PCES and child health, controlling for ACE counts, using a nationally representative sample.

Intimate Partner Violence and Antenatal Depression Among Underserved Pregnant Women.

Few studies have examined the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure during pregnancy and types of IPV with antenatal depression among underserved pregnant women. Data came from participants from a Healthy Start program in South Carolina between 2015 and 2019 ( = 1,629). The first two questions in the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) were used to measure IPV exposure, that is, having a problematic relationship with their partner.

Associations between sleep duration, sleep disturbance and cardiovascular disease biomarkers among adults in the United States.

Background: Sleep problems are associated with abnormal cardiovascular biomarkers and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, studies investigating associations between sleep problems and CVD biomarkers have reported conflicting findings. This study examined the associations between sleep problems and CVD biomarkers in the United States.

The Worst of Times: Depressive Symptoms Among Racialized Groups Living With Dementia and Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To explore differences in depressive symptoms for older adults (Black, Latinx, and White) by cognitive status during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the Health and Retirement Study identified older adults as cognitively normal, cognitively impaired without dementia (CIND), and persons living with dementia (PLWD). Multiple linear regression analyses examined associations between cognitive status and depressive symptoms among these racialized groups.

Identifying the Need for and Availability of Evidence-Based Care for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Rural Primary Care Clinics.

Background: Increasing rates of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may lead to increased HIV rates, as the STI and HIV epidemics are syndemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend including extragenital (i.e.

Geographic differences in the magnitude of black-white disparities in having obesity.

Background: Obesity disparities in the United States are well documented, but the limited body of research suggests that geographic factors may alter the magnitude of these disparities. A growing body of evidence has identified a "rural mortality penalty" where morbidity and mortality rates are higher in rural than urban areas, even after controlling for other factors. Black-White differences in health and mortality are more pronounced in rural areas than in urban areas.

Sociodemographic Characteristics of HIV-Associated Dementia in the South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry.

Objectives: Studies examining the sociodemographic characteristics associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia (HAD) are lacking, especially in the southern United States. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of HAD using South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry data, and examine these characteristics across two time periods.

Methods: Data were obtained from the population-based, South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Registry from 2000-2006 and 2010-2016 (N = 165,487).

Childhood sexual abuse and antiretroviral therapy adherence among older adults living with HIV: a mixed methods study.

Findings on the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence have been varied, with some studies showing a relationship, or a lack thereof. However, to our knowledge, no study has examined this association among older adults living with HIV (OALH). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between CSA and ART adherence among OALH using a mixed methods approach.

Changes in late-life assistance networks for Black and White older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted older Black Americans. Given that assistance networks play a crucial role in older adults' ability to respond to challenges, we sought to investigate whether older adults' assistance network size changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and differed by race.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2018-2020 rounds of the U.