SPECT postprocessing for epileptogenic focus localization: SISCOM versus ISAS.

Objective: Ictal SPECT can be used as an estimate for the epileptogenic zone in people with focal epilepsy. Subtraction of ictal and interictal SPECT scans reveals the area with significant ictal hyperperfusion. Some methods use a control database to also correct for physiological variance.

Patient Preparation with Esomeprazole Is Comparable to Ranitidine in Meckel Diverticulum Scintigraphy.

To localize ectopic gastric mucosa in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding and diagnose a Meckel diverticulum, Tc-pertechnetate imaging is the standard procedure. H2 inhibitor pretreatment enhances the sensitivity of the scan by reducing washout of Tc activity from the intestinal lumen. We aim to provide evidence of the effectiveness of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole as an ideal substitute for ranitidine.

Frailty and sarcopenia within the earliest national Dutch childhood cancer survivor cohort (DCCSS-LATER): a cross-sectional study.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors appear to be at increased risk of frailty and sarcopenia, but evidence on the occurrence of and high-risk groups for these aging phenotypes is scarce, especially in European survivors. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of and explore risk factors for pre-frailty, frailty, and sarcopenia in a national cohort of Dutch childhood cancer survivors diagnosed between 1963 and 2001.

Methods: Eligible individuals (alive at the time of study, living in the Netherlands, age 18-45 years, and had not previously declined to participate in a late-effects study) from the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (DCCSS-LATER) cohort were invited to take part in this cross-sectional study.

Risk and determinants of low and very low bone mineral density and fractures in a national cohort of Dutch adult childhood cancer survivors (DCCSS-LATER): a cross-sectional study.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of developing skeletal comorbidities later in life. We aimed to assess risk factors for low and very low bone mineral density (BMD), and the risk of and risk factors for any fractures and vertebral fractures in a national cohort of Dutch adult childhood cancer survivors.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the DCCSS LATER cohort, which comprised individuals who were alive for at least 5 years after diagnosis of childhood cancer (ie, histologically confirmed malignancies or Langerhans cell histiocytosis), were diagnosed before the age of 19 years, and who had been treated at one of seven Dutch paediatric oncology centres between 1963 and 2002 (hereafter referred to as survivors).

LVEF by Multigated Acquisition Scan Compared to Other Imaging Modalities in Cardio-Oncology: a Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: The prevalence of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is increasing due to improved cancer survival. Serial monitoring of cardiac function is essential to detect CTRCD, guiding timely intervention strategies. Multigated radionuclide angiography (MUGA) has been the main screening tool using left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to monitor cardiac dysfunction.

Value of the Sentinel Node Procedure in Pediatric Extremity Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Our aim is to show whether the sentinel node procedure (SNP) is recommendable for pediatric patients with extremity rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Lymph node metastases are an important prognostic factor in pediatric patients with extremity RMS. Accurate nodal staging is necessary to treat the patient accordingly.

Sentinel lymph node detection in oral cancer: a within-patient comparison between [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept and [Tc]Tc-nanocolloid.

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has proven to reliably stage the clinically negative neck in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept may be of benefit in OSCC with complex lymphatic drainage patterns and close spatial relation to SLNs.

Methods: A prospective within-patient evaluation study was designed to compare [Tc]Tc-tilmanocept with [Tc]Tc-nanocolloid for SLN detection.

Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, Determinants, and Biomarkers in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: Protocol for the Dutch Childhood Cancer Survivor Study on Metabolic Syndrome (Dutch LATER METS).

Background: Potential late effects of treatment for childhood cancer include adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These risk factors cluster together as metabolic syndrome and increase the risk for development of diabetes mellitus and cardio- and cerebrovascular disease. Knowledge on risk factors, timely diagnosis, and preventive strategies is of importance to prevent cardio- and cerebrovascular complications and improve quality of life.

Accuracy of F-FDG PET/CT in Predicting Residual Disease After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer.

Our purpose was to prospectively investigate optimal evaluation of qualitative and quantitative F-FDG PET/CT in response evaluations 12-14 wk after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in esophageal cancer patients. This was a side study of the prospective diagnostic pre-SANO trial. F-FDG PET/CT scans at baseline and at 12-14 wk after nCRT were qualitatively assessed for the presence of tumor.

The diagnostic accuracy of F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing fracture-related infections.

Purpose: F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) is frequently used to diagnose fracture-related infections (FRIs), but its diagnostic performance in this field is still unknown. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the diagnostic performance of qualitative assessment of F-FDG PET/CT scans in diagnosing FRI, (2) to establish the diagnostic performance of standardized uptake values (SUVs) extracted from F-FDG PET/CT scans and to determine their associated optimal cut-off values, and (3) to identify variables that predict a false-positive (FP) or false-negative (FN) F-FDG PET/CT result.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients with suspected FRI undergoing F-FDG PET/CT between 2011 and 2017 in two level-1 trauma centres.

Influence of FDG-PET on primary nodal target volume definition for head and neck carcinomas.

Background: The role of 2-[F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in routine diagnostic staging remains controversial. In case of discordance between FDG-PET and CT, a compromise has to be made between the risk of false positive FDG-PET and the risk of delaying appropriate salvage intervention. Second, with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), smaller radiation fields allow tissue sparing, but could also lead to more marginal failures.

Sentinel node biopsy during thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy for advanced esophageal cancer.

Background: Omitting extensive lymph node dissection could reduce esophagectomy morbidity in patients without lymph node metastases. Sentinel node biopsy may identify abdominal or thoracic lymph node metastases, thereby differentiating treatment. Feasibility of this approach was investigated in Western European esophageal cancer patients with advanced disease, without lymph node metastases at diagnostic work-up.

99mTc-Nanocolloid SPECT/MRI Fusion for the Selective Assessment of Nonenlarged Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Patients with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer.

Unlabelled: We aimed to explore the accuracy of (99m)Tc SPECT/MRI fusion for the selective assessment of nonenlarged sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for diagnosing metastases in early-stage cervical cancer patients.

Methods: We consecutively included stage IA1-IIB1 cervical cancer patients who presented to our tertiary referral center between March 2011 and February 2015. Patients with enlarged lymph nodes (short axis ≥ 10 mm) on MRI were excluded.

Effectiveness of an (18)F-FDG-PET based strategy to optimize the diagnostic trajectory of suspected recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy: The RELAPS multicenter randomized trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of (18)F-FDG-PET as first-line diagnostic investigation, prior to performing a direct laryngoscopy with biopsy under general anesthesia, in patients suspected of recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: 150 patients suspected of recurrent T2-4 laryngeal carcinoma at least two months after prior (chemo)radiotherapy with curative intent for resectable disease were randomized to direct laryngoscopy (CWU: conventional workup strategy) or to (18)F-FDG-PET only followed by direct laryngoscopy if PET was assessed 'positive' or 'equivocal' (PWU: PET based workup strategy), to compare the effectiveness of these strategies. Primary endpoint was the number of indications for direct laryngoscopies classified as unnecessary based on absence of recurrence, both on direct laryngoscopy and on six month follow up.

99mTc SPECT/CT Versus Planar Lymphoscintigraphy for Preoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis.

Unlabelled: We aimed to compare SPECT/CT and lymphoscintigraphy on overall and bilateral sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in cervical cancer patients.

Methods: A systematic search was performed on August 1, 2014, in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane library. The syntax was based on synonyms of the terms cervical cancer, SPECT/CT, and lymphoscintigraphy.

Accuracy of whole-body MRI in the assessment of splenic involvement in lymphoma.

Background: Accurate evaluation of the spleen is an important component of staging lymphoma, because this may have prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging (whole-body MRI-DWI) in the detection of splenic involvement in lymphoma.

Material And Methods: This IRB approved, prospective multicenter study included a total of 107 patients with newly diagnosed, histologically proven lymphoma who underwent 1.

Diagnostic accuracy of Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy and renal ultrasonography for detecting renal scarring and relative function in patients with spinal dysraphism.

Aims: To study additional benefits of performing Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-99m-DMSA) scintigraphy as part of the follow-up of adults with spinal dysraphism (SD), compared with ultrasonography, with regard to finding renal scarring and difference in split renal function.

Methods: Between January 2011 and April 2013 every patient visiting our specialized outpatient clinic for adults with SD was invited to undergo both renal ultrasonography and Tc-99m-DMSA scintigraphy. Outcomes of both modalities were compared, with focus on renal scarring.

Whole-body MRI for initial staging of paediatric lymphoma: prospective comparison to an FDG-PET/CT-based reference standard.

Objective: To compare whole-body MRI, including diffusion-weighted imaging (whole-body MRI-DWI), with FDG-PET/CT for staging newly diagnosed paediatric lymphoma.

Methods: A total of 36 children with newly diagnosed lymphoma prospectively underwent both whole-body MRI-DWI and FDG-PET/CT. Whole-body MRI-DWI was successfully performed in 33 patients (mean age 13.

Preoperative sentinel node mapping with (99m)Tc-nanocolloid SPECT-CT significantly reduces the intraoperative sentinel node retrieval time in robot assisted laparoscopic cervical cancer surgery.

Objective: To compare preoperative sentinel node (SN) mapping with planar lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) to single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT-CT) for differences in intraoperative SN retrieval time in surgically treated cervical cancer patients.

Methods: In cervical cancer patients planned for radical surgery, one day preoperatively, 220-290 MBq technetium-99m-nanocolloid was injected intracervically in four quadrants. Subsequent SN mapping was performed by either LSG (09.

Breast cancer sentinel node scintigraphy: differences between imaging results 1 and 2 h after injection.

Introduction: Timing of image acquisition in breast cancer sentinel node scintigraphy remains a subject of debate. Therefore, the performance of our protocol in which images are acquired 1 and 2 h after injection was evaluated. The results of sentinel node scintigraphy 1 and 2 h after injection were compared with regard to the sentinel lymph nodes visualized.

Sentinel lymph node mapping in colon cancer using radiocolloid as a single tracer: a feasibility study.

Objective: Evaluation of the feasibility and safety of radiocolloid as a tracer for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in colon cancer.

Methods: A feasibility study was conducted in consecutive colon cancer patients who were surgically treated at our institute. During preoperative colonoscopy, radiocolloid was injected around the tumour, followed by scintigraphic imaging to identify SLNs.

Inducible cardiac ischaemia is related to a decrease in the whole-blood Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 response.

TLR (Toll-like receptor) activation-induced inflammatory responses are important in the progression of atherosclerosis. We previously showed that TLR-dependent leucocyte responsiveness is acutely attenuated following percutaneous coronary intervention or vascular surgery. Furthermore, cytokine release following whole-blood TLR-2 and TLR-4 stimulation is negatively correlated with fractional flow reserve, suggesting that chronic ischaemia can elicit an enhanced inflammatory response.

Sarcoid myocarditis with ventricular tachycardia mimicking ARVD/C.

Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology with frequent cardiac involvement. We describe a patient presenting with a ventricular tachycardia, presumably originating in the right ventricle (RV). This patient had a malignant clinical course with initial diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C); however, at postmortem histopathology revealed epithelioid granulomas with fibrosis localized in the interventricular septum, typical for sarcoidosis, without signs of extracardiac sarcoidosis.

Morphometry of isolated tumor cells in breast cancer sentinel lymph nodes: metastases or displacement?

Iatrogenic displacement and mechanical transport of epithelial cells to the sentinel node (SN) has been suggested to result in false-positive findings in breast cancer patients, but little biologic evidence has yet been presented for this hypothesis. As malignant nuclei are larger than benign ones, nuclear morphometry of SN isolated tumor cells (ITC) could provide relevant information with regard to the malignant origin-or-not of epithelial cells in the SN. In patients with primary invasive breast cancer and SN ITC with (N=16) or without (N=45) non-SN involvement, nuclear morphometry was performed on the primary tumor as well as on the ITC in the SN.