Quality of life and sarcopenic patients.

Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalised loss of muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance with advancing age. Among the multiple consequences of sarcopenia, the reduction in the quality of life associated with it can undeniably be considered as a major consequence. Quality of life is measured via generic or specific questionnaires.

[Which quality of life for the sarcopenic patient?].

Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized loss of muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance with advancing age. Among the multiple consequences of sarcopenia, the reduction in the quality of life associated with it can undeniably be considered as a major consequence. Quality of life is measured via generic or specific questionnaires.

[Protein supplementation to prevent loss in muscle mass and strength in frail older patients: a review].

Minimum levels of protein intake are essential for the preservation of muscle mass and function, which is a major preventive issue of successful aging. Epidemiological studies suggest strong associations between protein intake and the different elements of sarcopenia, namely maintenance of lean mass and muscle strength. Most often, protein intakes among older patients are below requirements, independently from situations of under nutrition.

Effects of a multi-component nutritional telemonitoring intervention on nutritional status, diet quality, physical functioning and quality of life of community-dwelling older adults.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention including nutritional telemonitoring, nutrition education, and follow-up by a nurse on nutritional status, diet quality, appetite, physical functioning and quality of life of Dutch community-dwelling elderly. We used a parallel arm pre-test post-test design with 214 older adults (average age 80 years) who were allocated to the intervention group (n 97) or control group (n 107), based on the municipality. The intervention group received a 6-month intervention including telemonitoring measurements, nutrition education and follow-up by a nurse.

Association between cachexia, chemotherapy and outcomes in older cancer patients: A systematic review.

Background & Aims: The aims of this systematic review were (i) to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and cachexia in older cancer patients in a chemotherapy setting, and (ii) to report the chemotherapy-related causes of malnutrition and (iii) the consequences of malnutrition on the outcomes of these patients.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE for articles published in English or French between 2005 and 2016 and which reported retrospective or prospective, observational or interventional studies of the prevalence of malnutrition and its consequences in patients 65 years or older with solid tumors and chemotherapy-related causes of malnutrition.

Results And Conclusion: Malnutrition is prevalent up to 83% in older patients with cancer scheduled to receive chemotherapy.

Regular-Fat Dairy and Human Health: A Synopsis of Symposia Presented in Europe and North America (2014-2015).

In recent history, some dietary recommendations have treated dairy fat as an unnecessary source of calories and saturated fat in the human diet. These assumptions, however, have recently been brought into question by current research on regular fat dairy products and human health. In an effort to disseminate, explore and discuss the state of the science on the relationship between regular fat dairy products and health, symposia were programmed by dairy industry organizations in Europe and North America at The Eurofed Lipids Congress (2014) in France, The Dairy Nutrition Annual Symposium (2014) in Canada, The American Society for Nutrition Annual Meeting held in conjunction with Experimental Biology (2015) in the United States, and The Federation of European Nutrition Societies (2015) in Germany.

Alcohol consumption in midlife and cognitive performance assessed 13 years later in the SU.VI.MAX 2 cohort.

Background: Associations between alcohol consumption and cognitive function are discordant and data focusing on midlife exposure are scarce.

Objective: To estimate the association between midlife alcohol consumption and cognitive performance assessed 13 y later while accounting for comorbidities and diet.

Methods: 3,088 French middle-aged adults included in the SU.

Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: a French study.

Background: Evidence on the association between Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and cognition is presently inconsistent.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the association between midlife MedDiet adherence and cognitive performance assessed 13 y later among participants in the SU.VI.

A healthy dietary pattern at midlife is associated with subsequent cognitive performance.

Few studies have investigated the long-term impact of overall dietary patterns (DP) on cognition. We evaluated the association between empirically derived DP in midlife and cognitive performance 13 y later. Dietary data were based on 24-h dietary records obtained from a subsample of the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydant Study.

Cross-sectional but not longitudinal association between n-3 fatty acid intake and depressive symptoms: results from the SU.VI.MAX 2 study.

Findings regarding the association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status and depression are conflicting. Thus, the authors studied associations between PUFA intake and depressive symptoms. In 1996, depressive symptoms were assessed in a subsample of participants from the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.

[Frailty in older population: a brief position paper from the French society of geriatrics and gerontology].

Frailty in the older population is a clinical syndrome which evaluate a risk level. The Frailty syndrome defines a reduction of the adaptation capacity to a stress. It can be modulated by physical, psychological and social factors.

Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function in the SU.VI.MAX 2 prospective study.

Background: Current hypotheses suggest that intake of fruit and vegetables (FVs) protects against age-related cognitive impairment.

Objective: We examined the 13-y association between FV intake and cognitive performance in a sample of French adults.

Design: A total of 2533 subjects aged 45-60 y at baseline, who were part of the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals 2 (SU.

French adults' cognitive performance after daily supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals at nutritional doses: a post hoc analysis of the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants (SU.VI.MAX) trial.

Background: Antioxidant properties of some vitamins and trace elements may help to prevent cognitive decline.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to estimate the long-term effects of antioxidant nutrient supplementation on the cognitive performance of participants in the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants (SU.VI.

Adherence to nutritional recommendations and subsequent cognitive performance: findings from the prospective Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals 2 (SU.VI.MAX 2) study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the long-term effect of overall nutritional recommendations on cognition.

Objective: In a French cohort of middle-aged adults, we evaluated the association between the French National Nutrition and Health Program (Program National Nutrition Santé) Guideline Score (PNNS-GS) assessed at baseline and cognitive performance evaluated 13 y later.

Design: The PNNS-GS was estimated at baseline (1994-1996) (maximum score: 15 points) in 2135 subjects in the SU.

Inhibition of markers of bone resorption by consumption of vitamin D and calcium-fortified soft plain cheese by institutionalised elderly women.

Acceleration of bone remodelling increases the risk of fragility fractures. The objective of the present study was to explore in elderly women whether a vitamin D and Ca-fortified dairy product providing about 17-25 % of the recommended intakes in vitamin D, Ca and proteins would reduce secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone remodelling in a way that may attenuate age-related bone loss in the long term. Thirty-seven institutionalised women, aged 84.

Zinc supplementation does not alter plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12 and red blood cell folate concentrations in French elderly subjects.

Background/aims: In ageing, low folates and vitamin B12 status are frequent and can explain the increase of plasma homocysteine level. Zinc is involved in the folates and vitamin B12 metabolism with opposite actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc supplementation on homocysteine and vitamin B12 plasma levels as well as red blood cell folate level in French ageing subjects participating in the ZENITH study.

No antioxidant beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defenses in middle-aged and elderly subjects: the Zenith study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether zinc supplementation affects antioxidant status in European middle-aged and elderly people.

Design: Multicentre prospective intervention study, randomized, double-blind, placebo-control.

Setting: France (Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, and Grenoble), Italy (Rome), Northern Ireland (Coleraine).

Food chromium content, dietary chromium intake and related biological variables in French free-living elderly.

Trivalent chromium (Cr3+) is an essential trace element involved in insulin function. Cr deficiencies result in decreased insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance and an increased risk of diabetes. Cr status decreases with age suggesting that the elderly may be at high risk of Cr deficiency.

Plasma carotene and alpha-tocopherol in relation to 10-y all-cause and cause-specific mortality in European elderly: the Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly, a Concerted Action (SENECA).

Background: Only a few observational studies have related plasma carotene and alpha-tocopherol to mortality in elderly subjects.

Objective: The objective was to study the association of plasma carotene (alpha-and beta-carotene) and alpha-tocopherol with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in elderly subjects who participated in a European prospective study.

Design: Plasma concentrations of carotene and alpha-tocopherol were measured in 1168 elderly men and women.

Strategies for ensuring good hydration in the elderly.

Dehydration is a frequent etiology of morbidity and mortality in elderly people. It causes the hospitalization of many patients and its outcome may be fatal. Indeed, dehydration is often linked to infection, and if it is overlooked, mortality may be over 50%.

Rapidly exchangeable pool study of zinc in free-living or institutionalized elderly women.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of age and institutionalization on zinc metabolism by using a stable isotope technique.

Methods: This was a randomized case-control study. Three groups were recruited: nine young women (group 1, ages 36+/-1 y) as controls, nine free-living elderly women (group 2, ages 72+/-2 y), and nine institutionalized women (group 3, ages 73+/-2 y).