Stress management training for breast cancer surgery patients.

Objective: This study evaluated the psychological effects of a pre-surgical stress management training (SMT) in cancer patients.

Methods: Stress management training comprised four sessions in total: on 5 days and 1 day pre-surgery and on 2 days and 1 month post-surgery. Patients also received audio CDs with relaxation and coping skills exercises.

Breast cancer surgery-induced immunomodulation.

Background And Objectives: Surgical procedures can cause tumor cells to disseminate into the circulatory system. Although this spread of metastatic cells will be limited by immune activity, immunosuppression tends to be the main effect resulting from surgery. The objective of this study is to assess hormonal and immunological changes induced by breast cancer surgery.