In vivo evaluation of selenium-tellurium based nanoparticles as a novel treatment for bovine mastitis.

Background: Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows. The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, whose resistant strains make the treatment of mastitis with conventional antibiotics very difficult and result in high losses. Therefore, it is important to develop novel therapeutic agents to overcome the resistance of mastitis-causing strains.

Streptococcus suis strains with novel and previously undescribed capsular loci circulate in Europe.

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) causes serious diseases in pigs, and certain serotypes also pose a risk to humans. The expression of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) is considered an important virulence property of the pathogen.

Characterization of Isolated from Pathological Processes in Domestic Mammals and Birds in the Czech Republic.

, recognized as a resident and opportunistic pathogen primarily in poultry, underwent investigation in unwell domestic mammals and birds. The study encompassed the mapping and comparison of isolates, evaluation of their genetic diversity, and determination of their susceptibility to antimicrobials. A total of 11,908 clinical samples were analyzed using cultivation methods and MALDI-TOF.

Dosage Optimisation of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole for the Treatment of an Avian Pathogenic Strain of in Broiler Chickens.

Based on pharmacokinetic studies carried out according to the methodologies defined by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) using mass spectrometry analysis, a new formulation of a veterinary drug for the treatment of broiler chickens is proposed. Currently, the traditional trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole drug used for broilers is applied in a 1:5 ratio, and the recommended dose is 45 mg kg of live weight administered at 24 h intervals for 3 to 5 days. In this study, we propose a novel combination containing similar active substances in a newly established ratio of 1:4, with a recommended dosage of 20 mg kg of live weight administered at 24 h intervals for 3 to 5 days.

Survey of Genotype Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Mastitis-Causing in Dairy Herds Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

is one of the primary causative agents of mastitis, a clinically and economically significant disease that affects dairy cattle worldwide. In this study, we analyzed 140 strains isolated from mastitis milk samples collected from 74 cow herds in the Czech Republic. We employed whole-genome sequencing to screen for the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding virulence factors, and to assess their genetic relationships.

Pathotypes and Phenotypic Resistance to Antimicrobials of Isolates from One-Day-Old Chickens.

The aim of this work was to describe the pathotypes of strains isolated from one-day-old chickens, as well as the occurrence of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) in these strains. A total of 429 mixed swabs from 4290 one-day-old chicks were examined between August 2021 and July 2023 (24 months) during routine point-of-destination inspections at 12 poultry farms in the Czech Republic. All samples were processed via cultivation methods using meat-peptone blood agar and Mc Conkey agar under aerobic conditions at 37 ± 1 °C for 18-24 h.

Interaction of Calmodulin with TRPM: An Initiator of Channel Modulation.

Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels, a subfamily of the TRP superfamily, constitute a diverse group of ion channels involved in mediating crucial cellular processes like calcium homeostasis. These channels exhibit complex regulation, and one of the key regulatory mechanisms involves their interaction with calmodulin (CaM), a cytosol ubiquitous calcium-binding protein. The association between TRPM channels and CaM relies on the presence of specific CaM-binding domains in the channel structure.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Resistance Genes in Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic.

is one of the most important causative agents of mastitis and is a common reason for the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility of 667 isolates originating from 216 Czech dairy farms collected between 2019 and 2023 using the broth microdilution method. We tested 140 of the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial genes using whole-genome sequencing and evaluated their relationship with phenotypic resistance.

Enterococci Isolated from One-Day-Old Chickens and Their Phenotypic Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in the Czech Republic.

Our study describes the prevalence and spectrum of enterococci isolated from one-day-old chickens in the Czech Republic, their level of antimicrobial resistance, and the occurrence of multiresistance. Over a 24-month period from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2023, a total of 464 mixed samples of one-day-old chicken organs were examined during routine inspections at 12 randomly selected poultry farms in the Czech Republic. The samples were processed via cultivation methods and suspected strains were confirmed using the MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry method.

Characterisation of Isolates in the Czech Republic Collected from Diseased Pigs in the Years 2018-2022.

As in other countries, in the Czech Republic, infection in pigs is considered an economically significant disease for the pig industry, though little is known about its population structure. We collected isolates from 144 farms in the years 2018-2022. All samples were taken from animals suffering from symptoms indicating possible infection.

Vaccine against Infection in Pig Based on Alternative Carrier Protein Conjugate.

is a serious pathogen in the pig industry with zoonotic potential. With respect to the current effort to reduce antibiotic use in animals, a prophylactic measure is needed to control the disease burden. Unfortunately, immunization against streptococcal pathogens is challenging due to nature of the interaction between the pathogen and the host immune system, but vaccines based on conjugates of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and carrier protein were proved to be efficient.

Resistance of Isolates from the Czech Republic during 2018-2022.

A determination of susceptibility/resistance to antimicrobials via serotype was carried out in 506 field isolates of , originating from pig farms in the Czech Republic in the period 2018-2022. A very high level of susceptibility of isolates was found to amoxicillin, in combination with clavulanic acid and sulfamethoxazole potentiated with trimethoprim. None of the tested isolates were resistant to these antimicrobial substances.

Multilocus Sequence Genotype Heterogeneity in Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in the Czech Republic.

The ubiquitous occurrence and high heterogeneity of strains cause difficulties in the development and implementation of effective control strategies in dairy herds. In this study, strains from 74 farms, obtained predominantly from subclinical, acute, and chronic recurrent mastitis, as well as from udder surface swabs and milk from healthy udders, were analysed for their genetic diversity using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Isolates were tested for the presence of the genes encoding the virulence factors using polymerase chain reaction.

TRPM5 Channel Binds Calcium-Binding Proteins Calmodulin and S100A1.

Melastatin transient receptor potential (TRPM) channels belong to one of the most significant subgroups of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family. Here, we studied the TRPM5 member, the receptor exposed to calcium-mediated activation, resulting in taste transduction. It is known that most TRP channels are highly modulated through interactions with extracellular and intracellular agents.

Occurrence of virulence-associated genes in and isolated from bovine mastitis.

is one of the most important mastitis-causing pathogens. Although the pathogenesis and virulence factors required for the intramammary infection development are not yet well established, several putative virulence-associated genes have been described. This work aimed to investigate the presence of ten known and putative virulence-associated genes in  isolated from subclinical or clinical mastitis and its closely related species in 135 dairy farms in the Czech Republic.

Oxacillin (Methicillin) Resistant Staphylococci in Domestic Animals in the Czech Republic.

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of different species isolated from pathological processes and lesions in domestic animals in the Czech Republic and to detect and describe oxacillin (methicillin)-resistant strains (MRS). During the years 2019-2020, a total of 5218 veterinary clinical samples from the Czech Republic were tested. Testing was performed by culture methods and typing by molecular phenotypic methods MALDI-TOF MS and PCR.

Effect of on Gamma Delta T Cell Phenotype in Bovine Mammary Gland.

In this study, we focused analyzing γδ T cells during bovine mammary gland inflammation induced by . A mammary gland cell suspension was obtained using lavage 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after intramammary-induced infection. The proportion of lymphocytes increased during the entire week in which inflammation was present.

TRPM7 N-terminal region forms complexes with calcium binding proteins CaM and S100A1.

Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) represents melastatin TRP channel with two significant functions, cation permeability and kinase activity. TRPM7 is widely expressed among tissues and is therefore involved in a variety of cellular functions representing mainly Mg homeostasis, cellular Ca flickering, and the regulation of DNA transcription by a cleaved kinase domain translocated to the nucleus. TRPM7 participates in several important biological processes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Isolates-Serotypes and Susceptibility to Antimicrobials in Terms of Their Use on Selected Repopulated Czech Pig Farms.

represents a primary health problem (such as meningitis, septicemia and arthritis in piglets and fatteners) in the swine industry worldwide and also an emerging zoonotic pathogen. In the Czech Republic, many pig farms repopulated their herds over the past decades to reduce morbidity and minimize treatment. The study analysed serotypes, sequence types and antimicrobial susceptibility in 39 isolates obtained from organs of diseased pigs from selected 16 repopulated farms with a history of -associated diseases and routine antimicrobial treatment with tulathromycin and/or amoxicillin.

Microbial contamination of harvested colostrum on Czech dairy farms.

The objective of this study was to perform a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of microbial contamination of harvested colostrum on 39 Czech dairy farms. The study identified the proportion of colostrum samples that met the recommended goals for total plate count (TPC), total coliform count (TCC), and gram-negative noncoliform count (NCC), and evaluated the effect of the farm, breed, parity, season of the year, time of calving, and colostrum volume on these 3 microbiological parameters. Colostrum samples from cows (n = 1,241; 57.

The order of PDZ3 and TrpCage in fusion chimeras determines their properties-a biophysical characterization.

Most of the structural proteins known today are composed of domains that carry their own functions while keeping their structural properties. It is supposed that such domains, when taken out of the context of the whole protein, can retain their original structure and function to a certain extent. Information on the specific functional and structural characteristics of individual domains in a new context of artificial fusion proteins may help to reveal the rules of internal and external domain communication.

Mass spectrometric identification and quantification of the antibiotic clavulanic acid in broiler chicken plasma and meat as a necessary analytical tool in finding ways to increase the effectiveness of currently used antibiotics in the treatment of broiler chickens.

Clavulanic acid is a molecule with antimicrobial effect used in several livestock species treatment. Its inclusion in the treatment of infectious diseases of broilers requires determination of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in order to determine the appropriate dosage for broilers and ensure safety of chicken products for human health. The present study describes the optimisation of analytical LC-MS/MS method for identification and quantification of clavulanic acid in broiler chicken plasma and meat.

Characterization of AMBN I and II Isoforms and Study of Their Ca-Binding Properties.

Ameloblastin (Ambn) as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) stands for an important role in the formation of enamel-the hardest biomineralized tissue commonly formed in vertebrates. The human ameloblastin (AMBN) is expressed in two isoforms: full-length isoform I (AMBN ISO I) and isoform II (AMBN ISO II), which is about 15 amino acid residues shorter than AMBN ISO I. The significant feature of AMBN-its oligomerization ability-is enabled due to a specific sequence encoded by exon 5 present at the N-terminal part in both known isoforms.

Intrinsically disordered protein domain of human ameloblastin in synthetic fusion with calmodulin increases calmodulin stability and modulates its function.

Constantly increasing attention to bioengineered proteins has led to the rapid development of new functional targets. Here we present the biophysical and functional characteristics of the newly designed CaM/AMBN-Ct fusion protein. The two-domain artificial target consists of calmodulin (CaM) and ameloblastin C-terminus (AMBN-Ct).

Mapping of CaM, S100A1 and PIP2-Binding Epitopes in the Intracellular N- and C-Termini of TRPM4.

Molecular determinants of the binding of various endogenous modulators to transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are crucial for the understanding of necessary cellular pathways, as well as new paths for rational drug designs. The aim of this study was to characterise interactions between the TRP cation channel subfamily melastatin member 4 (TRPM4) and endogenous intracellular modulators-calcium-binding proteins (calmodulin (CaM) and S100A1) and phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP). We have found binding epitopes at the N- and C-termini of TRPM4 shared by CaM, S100A1 and PIP.