Visual Impairment in Women with Turner Syndrome-A 49-Year Literature Review.

Among the severe organ complications occurring in patients with Turner syndrome (TS), ophthalmic dysmorphia and visual impairment are usually marginalized. There are only a few studies that take into account the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders in female patients with TS. Articles in PubMed, Scholar, and Website were reviewed, considering the prevalence of various ocular disorders in patients with X chromosome deficiency.

The Role of HIF-1α in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Review of Current Literature.

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays a crucial role in regulating oxygen sensing and adaptation at the cellular level, overseeing cellular oxygen homeostasis, erythrocyte production, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial metabolism. The hypoxia-sensitive HIF-1α subunit facilitates tissue adaptation to hypoxic conditions, including the stimulation of proangiogenic factors. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative vascular disease of the retina that poses a significant risk to prematurely born children.

Uveitis in the Pediatric Population and Therapeutic Management: A Current Literature Review.

Uveitis is an inflammatory disease that can lead to severe complications, including vision loss. The pediatric population is particularly at risk of developing complications, as uveitis in this age group often has idiopathic origins or is associated with systemic diseases that follow a severe course. This, coupled with unfavorable treatment outcomes, continues to be a challenge in pediatric ophthalmology.

The Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases-Current Literature Review.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been attracting the attention of researchers for many years. HSPs are a family of ubiquitous, well-characterised proteins that are generally regarded as protective multifunctional molecules that are expressed in response to different types of cell stress. Their activity in many organs has been reported, including the heart, brain, and retina.

Ophthalmic Complications, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is the most common etiological agent of congenital infections seen in newborns. Among the most commonly observed complications in children with congenital human cytomegalovirus infection are those affecting the visual system. Ocular complications of congenital CMV (cCMV) are a topic rarely addressed in the literature, which prompted the authors to update the available knowledge with the latest data.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Uveitis in Children: A Summary of the Latest Data from a 5-Year Literature Review (2018-2023).

Pediatric uveitis has a low incidence. It is very diverse in its presentation and is often the first sign of a severe systemic disease. The pediatric population poses a special therapeutic and diagnostic challenge due to the potentially adverse effects of therapeutic agents on the young body and difficult cooperation with the patient during the examination, as well as the increased risk of complications that can lead to severe disability.

The Relationship between Selected Parameters and the Occurrence of Premyopia in a Group of 1155 Children Aged 8 in Northwestern Poland.

Determination of the number of pupils at risk of developing pre-myopia and selected ophthalmic parameters in a group of 1155 children aged 8. Ophthalmic examinations were performed in Polish 8-year-old, /1518 individuals/; 1155 of whom presented complete data for analysis. There was a total of 554 (47.

Isolated Depo-Medrol Administration under Tenon's Capsule for Post-COVID-19 Uveitis in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest with ocular symptoms. These symptoms can be divided into isolated events attributed to COVID-19, and those occurring in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a newly diagnosed disease entity associated with COVID-19 infection. Currently, the literature lacks specific guidelines and treatment regimens for COVID-19 ocular symptoms, especially in children.

Usefulness Assessment of Automated Strabismus Angle Measurements Using Innovative Strabiscan Device.

Background: The variability of the obtained results of manual tests assessing the angle of strabismus depends on the experience, skills, and training of the examiner. The authors hope that this new measuring device will provide a more sensitive and repeatable method for detecting small strabismus angles compared to the gold standard-PCT. The purpose of this article is to present an innovative strabismus angle demonstration device, called Strabiscan, to provide automated measurements of eye deviation and to compare the obtained results of these measurements to the traditional manual method.

Efficacy and Safety of Liver Chemoembolization Procedures, Combined with FOLFIRI Chemotherapy, in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Oncogene Mutations.

Purpose: The usual first- and second-line treatments for inoperable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) involve systemic chemotherapy, often with molecular targeted therapy. Chemoembolization, using microspheres loaded with irinotecan, has also been available as a treatment option for many years, used mainly in later lines of treatment when, due to increasing resistance, other chemotherapy regimens may have been exhausted. However, when there are contraindications to molecular therapies, the use of chemoembolization as first or second lines of treatment, in combination with FOLFIRI chemotherapy, may provide greater efficacy due to reduced irinotecan resistance.

Optic Pathway Gliomas in Pediatric Population-Current Approach in Diagnosis and Management: Literature Review.

Unlabelled: In this paper, the authors present a clinical picture of the diagnosis and current treatment regimens of optic pathway glioma in the pediatric population, with an emphasis on the role of an ophthalmic diagnosis in the differentiation and monitoring of lesions. Glioma is the most common optic nerve tumor in children.

Material: Articles in PubMed, Scholar and Website were reviewed, taking into account current standards of management related to sporadic or NF1-related optic glioma, epidemiology, location, course of the disease, clinical manifestations, histological types of the tumor, genetic predisposition, diagnostic ophthalmic tests currently applicable in therapeutic monitoring of the tumor, neurological diagnosis, therapeutic management and prognosis.

Association of Positive Bacterial Cultures Obtained from the Throat, Anus, Ear, Bronchi and Blood in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Premature Infants with Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity-Own Observations.

Background: The causative factors responsible for the development of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) are still unexplored. Therefore, one of the most important factors can be perinatal inflammation.

Methods: This retrospective study included 114 premature infants (228 eyes) meeting a birth criteria of ≤ 32 weeks gestational age (GA) and a birth weight (BW) ≤ 1710.

The Long-Term Observation of the Beneficial Effects of Treatment: 0.12 mg Anti-VEGF Monotherapy or Anti-VEGF Combined Therapy and Diode-Laser in Various Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity-Series of Cases.

Background 2-year observations of ranibizumab monotherapy and combined therapy with diode laser for severe ROP in extremely prematures. Materials and methods: In a group of 18 prematures ( = 36 eyes; 5 study groups); 25.8 ± 1.

Most Up-to-Date Analysis of Epidemiological Data on the Screening Guidelines and Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Europe-A Literature Review.

Introduction: Global predictions indicate that the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is increasing, but the lack of current epidemiological data on the occurrence of ROP in Europe prompted the authors to update these data.

Methods: European studies related to the presence of ROP were analyzed, and the reason for the differences in the percentage of ROP and different screening criteria were checked.

Results: The study presents results from individual and multiple centers.

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Refractive Defects and Ocular Function in a Group of 1518 Children Aged 8 Years in Northwestern Poland-A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in a group of 8-year-old school children in northwestern Poland.

Material And Methods: In 2017-2019, refractive errors were examined in a group of 1518 Caucasian children aged 8 years old with cycloplegia. Refraction was obtained with a hand-held autorefractor (Retinomax 3).

Observations for Sjögren's Pigment Epithelial Reticular Dystrophy in a 16-Year-Old Boy-An Extremely Rare Retinal Case Report.

The purpose of this publication is to present an extremely rare case of Sjögren's pigment epithelial reticular dystrophy. So far, 10 such publications have been found in world literature. A 16-year-old boy was diagnosed due to a slight loss of visual acuity, confirmed in static perimetry/24-2/.

The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography and Electrophysiological Tests in the Early Diagnosis of Inflammatory Changes in the CNS in children with ASD-A Review of Contemporary Literature.

This article is a review of the contemporary literature on the possibility of using modern ophthalmological diagnostics, such as optical coherence tomography and electrophysiological tests, in the assessment of changes in eyesight correlating with inflammatory changes in the central nervous system (CNS) as one of the risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders in children with ASD. A significant role is attributed to the activation of nerve and glial cells, as well as inflammatory changes in the brain, both of which can be of great importance in regard to an autism development predisposition. This fact indicates the possibility of using certain ophthalmic markers to depict an early correlation between the CNS and its outermost layer, i.

Nine-Year Epidemiological Data on the Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Poland-A Literature Review for the 2012-2021 Period.

Background: The epidemiology of retinopathy of premature infants (ROP) in Poland is a topic rarely discussed in the literature. Single publications (Pubmed) concern only specific regions of Poland and date back to 2000-2006, which prompted the authors to update Polish epidemiological data.

Methods: Data from the 2012-2021 screening tests were analyzed for: diagnosis of ROP, severe ROP and the percentage of ROP undergoing treatment (laser-diode, anti-VEGF, and complications such as retinal detachment).

Macular function in patients with medium myopia.

Purpose: This work aims at assessing whether electrophysiological functional changes in the macular region appear in medium myopia, even in the presence of a normal macular OCT scan and how axial length correlates with macular OCT parameters in medium myopia.

Methods: The study included right eyes of 17 patients with myopia of medium degree (SE <  - 6D to >  - 3D). Control group consisted of 20 eyes of patients of age and sex that matched healthy controls with normal macular and optic nerve OCT results and normal axial length.

Assessment of the Functional Form of the Relationship between Balance Control and Physical Activity Regarding Demographic, Anthropometrical, and Eye Impairment Explanatory Covariates in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children: Results of Polynomial and Cluster Analyses.

Explaining the causal and functional relationship between balance control and physical activity (PA) when comparing demographic, anthropometric, and eyesight impairment is uncharted. This study aimed to assess the shape of the relationships between balance control and PA and to verify the usefulness of explanatory variables (sex, chronological age, biological age, myopia, and BMI) in explaining the formation of functional forms between both abovementioned variables. The current contribution evaluated data from 9-11-year-old children (47 boys, 58 girls) and attempts to explain the shape of the relationship between the overall stability index and PA synthetic index, sorting children into clusters depending on their balance features and PA and comparing the separated groups in terms of explanatory variables.

Does Physical Activity Moderate the Relationship between Myopia and Functional Status in Children 9-11 Years of Age?

Although previous studies have reported an association between physical activity (PA) and myopia in school-aged children, little is known about the link between myopia and children’s functional status. The purpose of this study was to investigate dynamic balance control in relation to the daily PA levels of myopic schoolchildren aged 9−11 years (n = 52) versus a non-myopic control group (n = 53). A single leg stance test performed on the instability platform of the Biodex Balance System was used to assess balance control.

Should mitral valve prolapse be considered as one of the risk factors for open angle glaucoma? A preliminary observation.

Aim: To assess the incidence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma.

Methods: The study included 12 patients without any other comorbidities or taking any general or local medications. Each patient underwent a full ophthalmological examination with visual field assessment and optical computed tomography of the macula and optic nerve head.

Impact of systemic steroids combined with immunosuppressive treatment on glaucomatous features in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Aim: To evaluate the incidence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucomatous changes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in comparison with systemic steroids and immunosuppressive treatment.

Methods: Sixty-two women with SLE were divided into two groups: treated (=47, 94 eyes) and not treated (=15, 30 eyes) with systemic glucocorticosteroids (GC; GC-free). Twenty-one individuals in GC group were treated with immunosuppressive agents (immunomodulating and biologic).