SGLT2 inhibitors: a promising new therapeutic option for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Hyperglycemia is an important pathogenic component in the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of renal tubular glucose reabsorption that leads to glycosuria has been proposed as a new mechanism to attain normoglycemia and thus prevent and diminish these complications. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) has a key role in reabsorption of glucose in kidney.

Obesity pharmacotherapy: current perspectives and future directions.

The rising tide of obesity and its related disorders is one of the most pressing health concerns worldwide, yet existing medicines to combat the problem are disappointingly limited in number and effectiveness. Recent advances in mechanistic insights into the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight have revealed an expanding list of molecular targets for novel, rationally designed antiobesity pharmaceutical agents. Antiobesity drugs act via any of four mechanisms: 1) decreasing energy intake, 2) increasing energy expenditure or modulating lipid metabolism, 3) modulating fat stores or adipocyte differentiation, and 4) mimicking caloric restriction.

Biosimilars: current perspectives and future implications.

Biosimilars are biological products that are the replicas of their innovator biopharmaceuticals. These are developed after patent expiration of innovator biopharmaceuticals and are submitted for separate marketing approval. In view of the structural and manufacturing complexities of biopharmaceuticals, biosimilars should not be considered as "biological generics".

Breast abscess after nipple piercing: sonographic findings with clinical correlation.

The purpose of this series was to review the spectrum of clinical and sonographic features associated with infection after nipple piercing. Between 2002 and 2010, 6 patients presented to our breast center with a breast abscess after nipple piercing. A retrospective analysis of the imaging findings was performed with clinical and pathologic correlation.

Pott's puffy tumor, intracranial, and orbital complications as the initial presentation of sinusitis in healthy adolescents, a case series.

Pott's puffy tumor (PPT) and intracranial complications of sinusitis are considered rare in the post-antibiotic era. We present a series of pediatric patients who were diagnosed with these complications. The purpose of this study is to discuss the clinical presentations and imaging findings in order to increase awareness of pediatricians and radiologists.

Biosimilars: the 'future' of biologic therapy?

The introduction of a number of biologic therapies to the market has revolutionized therapeutics in dermatology. However, the patents protecting their manufacture are about to lapse, and follow-on generic products, known as biosimilars, are about to flood the pharmaceutical market. The 'biosimilars' are different from the generic products of conventional drugs in terms of efficacy, safety and immunogenicity.

Psychological impact upon London Ambulance Service of the 2005 bombings.

Background: This study was conducted following the London bombings of 7 July 2005.

Aims: To assess the psychological impact of the 2005 London bombings on London Ambulance Service (LAS) personnel, risk factors for the development of psychological ill-health and employee awareness of post incident support.

Methods: A total of 525 LAS personnel involved in the bombings, and a control group of uninvolved staff, were sent a questionnaire 2 months after the bombings.