Clinical year veterinary students are concerned about calving cows and request more real-life, practical exposure to enhance their confidence.

Background: Newly qualified veterinarians are expected to attend emergencies, for example, cow calving, but their clinical exposure to these scenarios before graduation may be limited. This study aimed to investigate what affects veterinary students' confidence and attitudes regarding calving cows.

Methods: Paper questionnaires were distributed to veterinary students in their third (n = 240, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018) and fourth years (n = 347, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 and 2018/2019) at one UK university to ascertain their demographic data, confidence regarding calving cows (rated on a scale from 1 to 5) and their concerns and suggestions for improving their confidence.

Quantitative proteomic profiling of bovine follicular fluid during follicle development.

Bovine follicular fluid (FF) constitutes the microenvironment of follicles and includes various biologically active proteins. We performed a study involving 18 healthy nonlactating Holstein cows to determine the protein expression profile of FF at key stages of follicular development. Follicles were individually aspirated in vivo at predeviation (F1 ∼ 7.