Attributable deaths in Austria due to ozone under different climate scenarios.

Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that poses a public health problem in Europe. Climate change could increase the formation of ozone. Applying past and predicted annual total (all-cause) mortality data and modeled daily ozone concentrations, we performed a nationwide health impact assessment estimating annual ozone-related (attributable) deaths in Austria.

Adequate IVIG dosing is associated with an improved long-term outcome in secondary immunodeficiency: A prospective, non-interventional study.

Objective: To assess the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of the intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) Intratect 50 g/L in immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) in a prospective, large-scale non-interventional study (NIS). The analysis focused upon patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID), the most frequent indication for IgRT in this NIS.

Materials And Methods: Patients were enrolled at 123 centers in Germany.

Optimal reactive nitrogen control pathways identified for cost-effective PM mitigation in Europe.

Excess reactive nitrogen (Nr), including nitrogen oxides (NO) and ammonia (NH), contributes strongly to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution in Europe, posing challenges to public health. Designing cost-effective Nr control roadmaps for PM mitigation requires considering both mitigation efficiencies and implementation costs. Here we identify optimal Nr control pathways for Europe by integrating emission estimations, air quality modeling, exposure-mortality modeling, Nr control experiments and cost data.

An analysis of 30 years of surface ozone concentrations in Austria: temporal evolution, changes in precursor emissions and chemical regimes, temperature dependence, and lessons for the future.

Despite substantial reductions in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO ) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in Austria over the 30 year time period 1990-2019, summertime surface ozone (O) concentrations still exceed frequently and over wide areas the ozone maximum 8 hour mean target value for the protection of human health. We present a detailed analysis of observations of O and NO to (1) disentangle the main processes propelling O formation such as precursor emissions and meteorology and (2) quantify the impact of NO reductions and (3) estimate the effect of climate warming. The temperature sensitivity of surface O production is assessed separately for NO and VOC limited regimes.

Air Pollution Is Associated with COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in Vienna, Austria.

We determined the impact of air pollution on COVID-19-related mortality and reported-case incidence, analyzing the correlation of infection case numbers and outcomes with previous-year air pollution data from the populations of 23 Viennese districts. Time at risk started in a district when the first COVID-19 case was diagnosed. High exposure levels were defined as living in a district with an average (year 2019) concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO) and/or particulate matter (PM10) higher than the upper quartile (30 and 20 µg/m, respectively) of all districts.

Efficacy and safety of trimodulin, a novel polyclonal antibody preparation, in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, phase II trial (CIGMA study).

Purpose: The CIGMA study investigated a novel human polyclonal antibody preparation (trimodulin) containing ~ 23% immunoglobulin (Ig) M, ~ 21% IgA, and ~ 56% IgG as add-on therapy for patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (sCAP).

Methods: In this double-blind, phase II study (NCT01420744), 160 patients with sCAP requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were randomized (1:1) to trimodulin (42 mg IgM/kg/day) or placebo for five consecutive days. Primary endpoint was ventilator-free days (VFDs).

Surgical smoke management for minimally invasive (micro)endoscopy: an experimental study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of surgical smoke-producing procedures such as laser ablation or electrosurgery in minimally invasive microendoscopic procedures. This study proposes a technical solution to efficiently remove surgical smoke from very small endoscopic cavities using microports as small as 20 G (0.9 mm) in diameter.

Analysis of inflammation- and atherosclerosis-related gene polymorphisms in branch retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common vision-threatening disease. Compression of the underlying retinal vein due to increased rigidity of the crossing artery has been implicated in the pathogenesis of BRVO. Among others, arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, both of which contribute to atherogenesis, have been identified as risk factors.