Classification model of amino acid sequences prone to aggregation of therapeutic proteins.

Background: Total body clearance of biological drugs is for the most part dependent on the receptor mechanisms (receptor mediated clearance) and the concentration of antibodies aimed at administered drug - anti-drug-antibodies (ADA). One of the significant factors that induces the increase of ADA level after drug administration could be the aggregates present in the finished product or formed in the organism. Numerous attempts have been made to identify the sequence fragments that could be responsible for forming the aggregates - aggregate prone regions (APR).

Comparison of bioequivalence study regulatory requirements for human and veterinary drugs.

Guidelines published by the European Union Regulatory Authority, regarding the planning of bioequivalence studies, are the primary source of knowledge about the study design optimization. The goal of this paper is to compare the key elements (27 points) of bioequivalence study optimization based on a comparison of the two European Medicines Agency guidelines relating to medicines used for humans (HB) and to veterinary drugs (AB). In case of the latter, one can get the impression that the issues of species differences in relation to the physiology and anatomy have been completely ignored.

Harmonization of rules in GLP and pharmacokinetic analysis: regulatory view.

This article is an attempt to present issues associated with the principles of GLP system harmonization, particularly in relation to pharmacokinetic (PK) studies at a global scale. Complete harmonization of GLP principles requires unification at several levels: inside registration authorities, between key registration authorities, within the framework of procedures regulating preclinical and clinical phases of the drug-development process and within the framework of procedures regarding GLP principles used in PK analyses and analyses of residuals of veterinary drugs. This large number of discrepancies indicates that total harmonization of rules on this issue will be very difficult and will require close cooperation between institutions responsible for legislative processes and control of GLP principles during PK analysis.