Betaine and B Intake, Glutathione Concentration, and MTHFR, PEMT, and MTHFD1 Genotypes Are Associated with Diabetes-Related Parameters in Polish Adults.

Background: There is a growing body of evidence on associations between one-carbon metabolism (OCM) and diabetes-related parameters.

Objectives: For this reason, we aimed to examine the associations of plasma choline, betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), glutathione (GSH), serum folate, vitamin B12, dihydrofolate reductase (rs70991108) genotype, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (rs180113) genotype, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) (rs2236225) genotype, and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (rs7946 and rs12325817) genotype with fasting glucose level, insulin level, and diabetes-related indices.

Methods: The study group consisted of 421 Polish adults aged 20-40 y.

Associations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake, and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex-dependent.

Background: Choline and its metabolites apppear to have relationships with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and body weight, but the research results have proved inconsistent. We thus investigated the associations of plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), choline, and betaine with anthropometric measurements, including modulatory effects of genetics and diet.

Methods: The study was performed on a group of 421 adults, aged 20-40 years, who had been recruited in Poland.

Comparison of Associations between One-Carbon Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Fatty Liver Markers in Normal-Weight and Overweight People Aged 20-40 Years.

The aim of the present study was to compare biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism (OCM), lipid metabolism, and fatty liver in people with normal and increased body weight. The study was performed on 421 participants, aged 20-40 years, enrolled in Poznan, Poland, in 2016-2018. Choline and betaine intakes were assessed.

Hedonic Hunger Is Associated with Intake of Certain High-Fat Food Types and BMI in 20- to 40-Year-Old Adults.

Background: Hedonic hunger occurs in response to a desire to consume food for pleasure. The μ-opioid system regulates the hedonic impact of food and the opioid receptor mu 1 gene (OPRM1) polymorphism has been associated with fat intake.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of high-fat food is associated with hedonic hunger and the OPRM1 polymorphism and whether these variables are related to BMI.

Greater self-reported preference for fat taste and lower fat restraint are associated with more frequent intake of high-fat food.

The determinants of the intake of high-fat products are not well recognized, but fat preference may be one of them. The aim of this study was thus to determine whether intake of different types of high-fat food is associated with fat preference in people with normal and increased body weight. Participants aged 20-40 years [n = 421] were enrolled in Poznań, Poland in 2016-2018.

Low folate intake and serum levels are associated with higher body mass index and abdominal fat accumulation: a case control study.

Background: The link between folate metabolism and obesity has recently been underlined, suggesting that folate deficiency may lead to body weight gain and adiposity. We thus wished to determine whether the inefficiency in folate metabolism caused by genetic variation in the MTHFR and DHFR genes in folate metabolism, or inadequate folate intake, is associated with obesity.

Methods: A case-control study including 421 healthy participants (aged 20-40) was performed in Poznań, Poland.

Polymorphism of CD36 Determines Fat Discrimination but Not Intake of High-Fat Food in 20- to 40-Year-Old Adults.

Background: The determinants of the intake of high-fat products are not well understood.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relations between fat perception, intake of high-fat food, and body-weight status, taking into account the polymorphism of the genes that encode the proteins involved in oral fat perception.

Methods: A total of 421 participants aged 20-40 y were enrolled in Poznań, Poland, from 2016 to 2018.

Dietary patterns associated with obesity and overweight: When should misreporters be included in analysis?

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify dietary patterns associated with overweight and obesity and to examine the effect of including and excluding misreporters on the analysis of these dietary patterns and on the associations between identified dietary patterns and anthropometric parameters.

Methods: The study was carried out with adult participants in an observational case-control manner. The participants' diet was assessed using 3-d dietary records.

The State of Nutrigenomic Education in Poland.

Background: In Poland, 45 higher education institutions offer degrees in dietetics. However, only 20 of these offer nutrigenomics or nutrigenetics courses.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the current state of nutri-genomic education in Poland and to evaluate the level of nutrigenomic knowledge held by dieticians.

Use of a Smartphone Application Can Improve Assessment of High-Fat Food Consumption in Overweight Individuals.

Background: We evaluated the feasibility of an application for measuring the frequency of consumption of high-fat foods and compared this application with standard methods.

Methods: Twenty-six females and thirty six males aged 20⁻40 were enrolled in Poland. Participants completed the Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat Intake (BSQF; Q1) and a second questionnaire (Q2) with additional high-fat foods.