Functioning and Gene Expression of Adenosine A Receptor During Zebrafish () Development.

The A1 adenosine receptor is the most widely expressed P1 receptor in vertebrates, performing inhibitory tone of the nervous system. Increased levels of adenosine are crucial to promote tissue protection in threatening situations, such as convulsion and hypoxia. Zebrafish is an established model organism for studies on health and disease.

Doce river mining tailings can be an influencing factor in loggerhead turtles reproductive success in Brazil.

In November 2015, a tailings dam ruptured and affected the second largest nesting site of loggerhead sea turtles in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive success, and trace elements in female's plasma, freshly laid eggs, unhatched eggs, and dead hatchlings of loggerhead turtles that nest in the coastal area exposed to the mining waste (Povoação, Espírito Santo state) and compare them with animals from an area that was not affected by the tailings (Praia do Forte, Bahia state). Plasma concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Zn were significantly higher in samples from Povoação in comparison to turtles from Praia do Forte.

Anticonvulsant Role of Adenosine is Blunted During Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in an Adult Zebrafish Model.

Alcohol (ethanol) dependence and related disorders are life-threatening conditions and source of suffering for the user, family members and society. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a little-known dynamic process associated with a high frequency of relapses. A state of hyperglutamatergic neurotransmission and imbalanced GABAergic function is related to an increased susceptibility to seizures during alcohol withdrawal.

Zebrafish as model for studies in dentistry.

Introduction: Over the last years, zebrafish has gained prominence in the biomedical community. It is currently considered one of the best vertebrate animal models for various types of studies, such as toxicology and developmental biology.

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of zebrafish in dentistry and whether this animal model could be a viable alternative for performing different types of studies in this area.

Atrazine and Diuron Effects on Survival, Embryo Development, and Behavior in Larvae and Adult Zebrafish.

Atrazine and Diuron are widely used herbicides. The use of pesticides contaminates the aquatic environment, threatening biodiversity and non-target organisms such as fish. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute exposure for 96 h hours to atrazine and diuron commercial formulations in zebrafish (, wild-type AB) embryos and larvae and adult stages.

Nanoscale Structural Characterization and Impact on Long-term memory of Amyloid-β42 Oligomeric forms in Zebrafish.

The contribution of amyloid-β (Aβ) soluble forms to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is undergoing revision and the characterization of monomeric, oligomeric and protofibrillar Aβ forms used in vivo to model AD is a critical step to ensure data interpretation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the nanoscale morphology of different Aβ forms also used for cerebroventricular injection (cvi) in young (6mo) and aged (36mo) adult zebrafish behavioral and cognitive tests. On the AFM, monomeric solution deposited onto mica resulted mostly in thin filamentous structures and shorter monomeric agglomerates with heights around or below 1.

Health condition of Chelonia mydas from a foraging area affected by the tailings of a collapsed dam in southeast Brazil.

In 2015, the failure of the Fundão dam caused the release of 43 million m of tailings into the Doce River Basin, in southeast Brazil. It was considered the largest environmental disaster of the world mining industry. The tailings, composed mostly of heavy metals, caused massive destruction of the Doce River ecosystem endangering the organisms that live in the coastal zone where the mud reached the ocean.

Laboratory and field tests for risk assessment of metsulfuron-methyl-based herbicides for soil fauna.

Metsulfuron-methyl is one of the most used sulfonylurea herbicides, being applied alone in pre-emergence and with a mineral oil (as adjuvant) in post-emergence. In risk assessment of pesticides, ecotoxicity tests have been applied to assess the effects of products and mixtures under laboratory conditions, but they are limited in their ecological relevance when compared to field assessments. Considering the differences between laboratory and field exposure, and the lack of data on the effects of metsulfuron-methyl in natural soils, this study consisted in a set of tests to assess the ecotoxicity of this herbicide applied alone, combined with an adjuvant (mineral oil) and the adjuvant applied alone, both under laboratory and field exposure, with artificial and natural soil respectively.

-acetylcysteine protects against motor, optomotor and morphological deficits induced by 6-OHDA in zebrafish larvae.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. In addition to its highly debilitating motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms may precede their motor counterparts by many years, which may characterize a prodromal phase of PD. A potential pharmacological strategy is to introduce neuroprotective agents at an earlier stage in order to prevent further neuronal death.

Nickel exposure alters behavioral parameters in larval and adult zebrafish.

Nickel is a heavy metal that, at high concentrations, leads to environmental contamination and causes health problems. We evaluated the effects of NiCl exposure on cognition and behavior in larval and adult zebrafish. Larval and adult zebrafish were exposed to NiCl concentrations (0.

Presenilin-1 Targeted Morpholino Induces Cognitive Deficits, Increased Brain Aβ and Decreased Synaptic Marker PSD-95 in Zebrafish Larvae.

Presenilins are transmembrane proteases required for the proteolytic cleavage of Notch and also act as the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex, which is responsible for the final cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein into Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides of varying lengths. Presenilin-1 gene (psen1) mutations are the main cause of early-onset autosomal-dominant Familial Alzheimer Disease. Elucidating the roles of Presenilin-1 and other hallmark proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease is crucial for understanding the disease etiology and underlying molecular mechanisms.

Manganese(II) chloride alters behavioral and neurochemical parameters in larvae and adult zebrafish.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal for organisms, but high levels can cause serious neurological damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MnCl exposure on cognition and exploratory behavior in adult and larval zebrafish and correlate these findings with brain accumulation of Mn, overall brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels, dopamine (DA) levels, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and cell death markers in the nervous system. Adults exposed to MnCl for 4days (0.

Utility and limitations of APRI and FIB4 to predict staging in a cohort of nonselected outpatients with hepatitis C.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C(CHC) staging is important for therapeutic decision-making. Identification of noninvasive markers can provide alternatives to liver biopsy.

Aim: To assess the value of APRI and FIB4 for CHC fibrosis staging in a cohort of nonselected outpatients from a referral center in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

The side-by-side exploratory test: a simple automated protocol for the evaluation of adult zebrafish behavior simultaneously with social interaction.

The assessment of shoaling in adult zebrafish is technically difficult, but important, given their social nature. The present study aimed to characterize a new protocol using simple automated tracking software to evaluate general behavior and social interaction simultaneously. To this end, we used a single tank with a central transparent glass division and placed one zebrafish on each side for 5 min.

Modulation of adenosine signaling prevents scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in zebrafish.

Adenosine, a purine ribonucleoside, exhibits neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain and is involved in memory formation and cognitive function. Adenosine signaling is mediated by adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3); in turn, nucleotide and nucleoside-metabolizing enzymes and adenosine transporters regulate its levels. Scopolamine, a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist, has profound amnesic effects in a variety of learning paradigms and has been used to induce cognitive deficits in animal models.

Brain intraventricular injection of amyloid-β in zebrafish embryo impairs cognition and increases tau phosphorylation, effects reversed by lithium.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment and commonly diagnosed only on late stages. Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and exacerbated tau phosphorylation are molecular hallmarks of AD implicated in cognitive deficits and synaptic and neuronal loss. The Aβ and tau connection is beginning to be elucidated and attributed to interaction with different components of common signaling pathways.

Sustained behavioral effects of lithium exposure during early development in zebrafish: involvement of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.

Lithium has been the paradigmatic treatment for bipolar disorder since 1950s, offering prophylactic and acute efficacy against maniac and depressive episodes. Its use during early pregnancy and the perinatal period remains controversial due to reports of negative consequences on the newborn including teratogenic and neurobehavioral effects generally referred as Floppy baby syndrome. The mechanisms underlying lithium therapeutic action are still elusive but exacerbation of Wnt signaling pathway due to GSK-3 inhibition is believed to represent its main effect.

Long-term exposure to paraquat alters behavioral parameters and dopamine levels in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Chronic exposure to paraquat (Pq), a toxic herbicide, can result in Parkinsonian symptoms. This study evaluated the effect of the systemic administration of Pq on locomotion, learning and memory, social interaction, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression, dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels, and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene expression in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish received an i.

The spinning task: a new protocol to easily assess motor coordination and resistance in zebrafish.

The increasing use of adult zebrafish in behavioral studies has created the need for new and improved protocols. Our investigation sought to evaluate the swimming behavior of zebrafish against a water current using the newly developed Spinning Task. Zebrafish were individually placed in a beaker containing a spinning magnetic stirrer and their latency to be swept into the whirlpool was recorded.

One for all and all for one: the importance of shoaling on behavioral and stress responses in zebrafish.

Zebrafish has been increasingly used in behavioral studies, but data can present high variability. Most studies have been performed using isolated zebrafish, despite their interactive nature and shoaling behavior. We compared adult zebrafish behavior and cortisol levels after exposure to novelty as well as sensitivity to Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in animals tested individually or in groups of three (triplets).

Physical exercise down-regulated locomotor side effects induced by haloperidol treatment in Wistar rats.

Extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as akinesia, dystonia, gait alteration and tremors are observed when dopamine D2-receptors are blocked by pharmacological agents such as haloperidol. These alterations produce a Parkinson disease-like state (PLS). Physical exercise has been proven to improve gait and locomotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease; we sought to elucidate the effects of physical exercise on PLS induced by chronic administration of haloperidol in rats.

Y-Maze memory task in zebrafish (Danio rerio): the role of glutamatergic and cholinergic systems on the acquisition and consolidation periods.

The interest in the behavioral features of zebrafish has significantly increased over the past two decades. However, most available protocols have used longer training periods and have been based on reinforcement/reward or avoidance. The Y-Maze memory task has the advantage of using a simple and rapid training session, but it has not been established in zebrafish.

Endosulfan exposure inhibits brain AChE activity and impairs swimming performance in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Endosulfan is a broad spectrum organochlorine pesticide that is still widely in use in many developing countries. Following application, endosulfan can get to watercourses through surface runoff from agricultural fields and disturb the non-target aquatic animals including freshwater fish species. Given that the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the most recurrently used biomarkers of exposure to pesticides and there are controversial results concerning the effects of endosulfan exposure and AChE activity in fish, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of endosulfan in brain AChE activity and its gene expression pattern using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model.

Long-term methionine exposure induces memory impairment on inhibitory avoidance task and alters acetylcholinesterase activity and expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Hypermethioninemic patients exhibit a variable degree of neurological dysfunction. However, the mechanisms involved in these alterations have not been completely clarified. Cholinergic system has been implicated in many physiological processes, including cognitive performances, as learning, and memory.