Management of anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma in the newborn, shared care between neonatologist and ophthalmologist: a literature review.

Congenital ocular anomalies significantly contribute to global disability, with 15-20% of infant blindness attributed to these anomalies. This study examined anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma (AMC) through collaborative neonatology and ophthalmology care.The global prevalence of AMC varies: anophthalmia at 0.

Congenital Nasal Bones Agenesis: Report of a Rare Malformation.

Congenital arhinia and hyporhinia are rare facial anomalies whose knowledge usually comes from case reports. The severity of each case described in literature is variable; it also depends on associated malformations too. Since the newborns are obligate nasal breathers, babies with arhinia or hyporhinia usually have respiratory distress and need airway stabilization.

SMaRT M-Seq: an optimized step-by-step protocol for M protein sequencing in monoclonal gammopathies.

In patients with monoclonal gammopathies, tumor B cells or plasma cells secrete a monoclonal antibody (M protein) that not only serves as a biomarker for tumor tracking but can also cause potentially life-threatening organ damage. This damage is driven by the patient-specific sequence of the M protein. Methods for sequencing M proteins have been limited by their high cost and time-consuming nature, and while recent approaches using next-generation sequencing or mass spectrometry offer advancements, they may require tumor cell sorting, are limited to subsets of immunoglobulin genes or patients, and/or lack extensive validation.

Recommendations for improved reproducibility of ADC derivation on behalf of the Elekta MRI-linac consortium image analysis working group.

Background And Purpose: The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a potential imaging biomarker for radiotherapy response, needs to be reproducible before translation into clinical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the multi-centre delineation- and calculation-related ADC variation and give recommendations to minimize it.

Materials And Methods: Nine centres received identical diffusion-weighted and anatomical magnetic resonance images of different cancerous tumours (adrenal gland, pelvic oligo metastasis, pancreas, and prostate).

Automatic AI-based contouring of prostate MRI for online adaptive radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) online plan adaptation accounts for tumor volume changes, interfraction motion and thus allows daily sparing of relevant organs at risk. Due to the high interfraction variability of bladder and rectum, patients with tumors in the pelvic region may strongly benefit from adaptive MRgRT. Currently, fast automatic annotation of anatomical structures is not available within the online MRgRT workflow.

A Strategy for the Selection of RT-qPCR Reference Genes Based on Publicly Available Transcriptomic Datasets.

In the next-generation sequencing era, RT-qPCR is still widely employed to quantify levels of nucleic acids of interest due to its popularity, versatility, and limited costs. The measurement of transcriptional levels through RT-qPCR critically depends on reference genes used for normalization. Here, we devised a strategy to select appropriate reference genes for a specific clinical/experimental setting based on publicly available transcriptomic datasets and a pipeline for RT-qPCR assay design and validation.

Online MR guided dose escalated radiotherapy for organ preservation in distal rectal cancer.

Introduction: Non-surgical management of rectal cancer aiming for organ-preservation is an important development to improve rectal cancer treatment. Dose escalated radiotherapy represents one approach to increase clinical complete response (cCR) rates. In the present study we present feasibility and outcome data on rectal cancer patients who were treated with dose escalated radiotherapy using an MR guided online response-adaptive workflow.

Impact of endorectal filling on interobserver variability of MRI based rectal primary tumor delineation.

Background: Online adaptive MR-guided radiotherapy allows for the reduction of safety margins in dose escalated treatment of rectal tumors. With the use of smaller margins, precise tumor delineation becomes more critical. In the present study we investigated the impact of rectal ultrasound gel filling on interobserver variability in delineation of primary rectal tumor volumes.

A novel approach for radiotherapy dose escalation in rectal cancer using online MR-guidance and rectal ultrasound gel filling - Rationale and first in human.

Introduction: Dose escalated radiotherapy has previously been investigated as a strategy to increase complete response rates in rectal cancer. However large safety margins are required using cone-beam computed tomography guided radiotherapy leading to high doses to organs at risk or insufficient target volume coverage in order to keep dose constraints. We herein present the first clinical application of a new technique for dose escalation in rectal cancer using online magnetic resonance (MR)-guidance and rectal ultrasound gel filling.

1.5 T MR-linac planning study to compare two different strategies of rectal boost irradiation.

Purpose: To compare treatment plans of two different rectal boost strategies: up-front versus adaptive boost at the 1.5 T MR-Linac.

Methods: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) underwent standard neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with 50.

Biomarkers in wound drainage fluids of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving neck dissection: A pilot study.

Aim: In a pilot prospective study, we aimed to test the feasibility and report on the preliminary results on the expression of molecular biomarkers in wound drainage fluids (WDFs) of operated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.

Material And Methods: Nineteen patients undergoing primary tumor resection with en-block neck dissection were enrolled. In postoperative days 1-3, the expression of several biomarkers in WDFs was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and correlated with clinical and histopathologic features.

Dosimetric Predictors of Acute and Chronic Alopecia in Primary Brain Cancer Patients Treated With Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy.

To determine dose constraints that correlate with alopecia in patients treated with photon-based Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) for primary brain tumors. During the treatment planning process, the scalp was drawn as a region of interest. Dose received by 0.

Partial breast irradiation with the 1.5 T MR-Linac: First patient treatment and analysis of electron return and stream effects.

Introduction: External beam partial breast irradiation (PBI) provides equal oncological outcomes compared to whole breast irradiation when applied to patients with low risk tumours. Recently, linacs with an integrated magnetic resonance image-guidance system have become clinically available. Here we report the first-in-human PBI performed at the 1.

Patterns of Care and Survival in Elderly Patients With Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of care in elderly soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients and their impact on clinical outcome and treatment-related toxicity.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected data of >65-year-old patients diagnosed with locally advanced STS between 1991 and 2017 in a single institution.

Results: The study included 111 patients: 105 (94.

Efficacy and Tolerability of CyberKnife Stereotactic Robotic Radiotherapy for Primary or Secondary Orbital Lesions: A Single-Center Retrospective Experience.

Introduction: Orbital lesions are rare, but are likely to become symptomatic and can impact on patients' quality of life. Local control is often difficult to obtain, because of proximity to critical structures. CyberKnife stereotactic robotic radiotherapy could represent a viable treatment option.

Management of severe bio-radiation dermatitis induced by radiotherapy and cetuximab in patients with head and neck cancer: emphasizing the role of calcium alginate dressings.

Purpose: Severe bio-radiation dermatitis may develop in patients treated with concurrent radiotherapy and cetuximab for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of our work was to report on the impact of a grade-specific management approach on treatment tolerability.

Methods: Concomitant radiotherapy and cetuximab was prescribed for patients deemed ineligible for cisplatin-based chemoradiation.

Influence of age and subtype in outcome of operable liposarcoma.

Aim: Liposarcoma (LPS) is rare tumor deriving from adipocytes. LPS is classified into histological subtypes: well-differentiated (WDLPS), dedifferentiated (DDLPS), myxoid (MLPS) and pleomorphic (PLPS). A tailored approach taking into account the specificity of disease subtype and age at presentation could be helpful in delineating therapeutic management of liposarcoma.

A matched cohort study of radio-chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in soft tissue sarcoma patients.

Purpose: Adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard postoperative treatment after conservative surgery in high risk soft tissue sarcoma. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy is still debated. Therefore, a matched cohort analysis was performed in high risk soft tissue patients to analyse differences in terms of clinical outcome and toxicity between patients treated with concomitant radio-chemotherapy (RTCT) and radiotherapy (RT) alone.

Elderly patients affected by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma unfit for standard curative treatment: Is de-intensified, hypofractionated radiotherapy a feasible strategy?

Objectives: The aim of our work was to report on the clinical outcome of a moderately hyprofractionated radiotherapy regimen in elderly patients affected by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Material And Methods: HNSCC aged ≥65 deemed unsuitable for curatively-intended concurrent chemo-radiotherapy or high-dose radiotherapy by clinical judgement were further evaluated with the Geriatric 8 (G8) questionnaire and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). In case of a G8 score ≤14, a de-intensified radiation schedule of 40 Gy delivered in 16 fractions was prescribed.

Impact of hormonal status on outcome of ductal carcinoma in situ treated with breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy: Long-term experience from two large-institutional series.

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous disease, for which the best adjuvant treatment is still uncertain. Many attempts of risk-groups stratification have been made over time, developing prognostic scores to predict risk of local recurrence (LR) on the basis of features such as age, final surgical margins (FSM) status, grade, and tumor size. The aim of our analysis was to evaluate the patterns of recurrence from a two large-institutional retrospective series.