18 F-FDG PET/CT in Pediatric INI1-Negative Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Carcinoma.

A 12-year-old girl with no previous comorbidities presented with a left gluteal swelling. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated heterogenous, moderate hypermetabolism localizing to a very large pelvic soft tissue mass with extension through the left greater sciatic notch into the left deep gluteal space. Core biopsy of the mass revealed INI1-negative myoepithelial carcinoma.

A rare pediatric case of FDG-avid synovial herniation pits.

Synovial herniation pits are benign, round radiolucent lesions surrounded by a thin sclerotic rim within the superolateral aspect of the proximal femoral neck that are most commonly seen in the physically active adult population. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first pediatric case of synovial herniation pits showing focal FDG uptake on a PET/CT scan in a 15 year old boy with Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Nondiagnostic 99m Tc-MAG3 Diuresis Renography Studies Caused by Propofol Sedation : A Case Series.

99m Tc-MAG3 diuresis renography is a noninvasive functional imaging technique used to assess clearance of radiotracer in a dilated urinary tract under high diuresis. It is commonly performed in patients to diagnose functionally significant urinary tract obstruction. In some pediatric patients, sedation is required to enable imaging.

Cystatin C kidney functional reserve: a simple method to predict outcome in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Kidney functional reserve (KFR), the only clinical kidney stress test, is not routinely measured because the complexity of measurement has limited clinical application. We investigated the utility of plasma cystatin C (CysC) after oral protein loading (PL) to determine KFR in Stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: Following a 24-h low-protein diet, KFR was measured after oral protein by hourly plasma CysC and compared with simultaneous creatinine clearance (CrCl) and radionuclide 99technetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetatic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) measurement in an observational, single-centre cohort study of adults with CKD Stages 3 and 4.

Triple-site radiotracer application in breast lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel node discordance.

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy (SLNB) has demonstrated accuracy in the axillary staging of breast cancer patients. Despite variability in selection criteria and technique, an SLN is consistently identified in approximately 96% of cases and in most series predicts the status of remaining axillary LNs in >95% of cases. The false-negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was originally reported as 5%-10% (sensitivity 90%-95%), but improved rates are attainable by experienced surgeons.

Lymphoscintigraphic SPECT/CT-Contralateral Axillary Sentinel Lymph Node Drainage in Breast Cancer.

A 58-year-old woman with previous right breast carcinoma treated with lumpectomy, right axillary clearance, chemo-radiotherapy, and adjuvant hormonal therapy underwent a lymphoscintigraphy for a new right breast lesion. On planar images, an alternate route of lymphatic drainage was observed to the right internal mammary chain and the left axilla. A chest SPECT/CT was performed to confirm the location of the sentinel nodes.

The relative function of damaged kidneys in children does not deteriorate further at 3-year follow-up.

Purpose: It is thought that the function of a damaged kidney will deteriorate further with time because of impaired maturation and compensatory hyperfiltration. The aim of this study was to determine changes in relative renal function (RRF) over time in children with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and/or urinary tract infection (UTI) where the unilaterally scarred kidney was found to contribute 30% or less to overall function.

Patients And Methods: Children who met the inclusion criteria and had multiple radionuclide studies during a 12-year period were identified, and RRF was compared.

2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in paediatric oncology.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a minimally invasive technique which has been well validated for the diagnosis, staging, monitoring of response to therapy, and disease surveillance of adult oncology patients. Traditionally the value of PET and PET/computed tomography (CT) hybrid imaging has been less clearly defined for paediatric oncology. However recent evidence has emerged regarding the diagnostic utility of these modalities, and they are becoming increasingly important tools in the evaluation and monitoring of children with known or suspected malignant disease.

False-positive MIBG uptake in pneumonia in a patient with stage IV neuroblastoma.

A 32-month-old female child with a history of stage IV favorable biology neuroblastoma with a 123-I MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine scan) avid adrenal mass, with retroperitoneal nodal extension and bony metastasis, was in complete remission after intense multimodal therapy. Seventeen months after diagnosis a surveillance 123-I MIBG scan showed abnormal tracer uptake in the midzone of the right thorax. Chest x-ray and CT scan confirmed right upper lobe consolidation corresponding to the tracer uptake.

Treatment of fluorouracil-refractory patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer by using yttrium-90 resin microspheres plus concomitant systemic irinotecan chemotherapy.

Purpose: Liver metastases are the principal cause of death in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Irinotecan is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of CRC and has demonstrated synergistic potential when used with radiation. Radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres has demonstrated increased response and survival rates when given with fluorouracil chemotherapy.

Renal infection and vesico-ureteric reflux.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease of childhood. The investigation of UTI in children has been the subject of debate and controversy for many years. Most workers agree that the first imaging modality to be used should be an ultrasound examination to exclude obstruction, structural abnormalities, and renal calculi.

Dural metastasis demonstrated on Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy in staging workup for a patient with breast cancer.

An 80-year-old woman with multifocal invasive lobular carcinoma of the right breast treated 6 years previously with mastectomy, locoregional radiotherapy, and tamoxifen was referred for a bone scan to investigate generalized arthralgias. The patient reported right-sided headaches, blurred vision, and dizziness in the previous 3 months. The bone scan revealed a large area of unusual and abnormal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake in the right frontoparietal skull region.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: correlation of F-FDG gamma camera-based coincidence positron emission tomography with CT for the assessment of treatment response--an AGITG study.

Background: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are a rare subset of aggressive mesenchymal tumours specific to the gastrointestinal system. They are both locally aggressive and can metastasize. The aim of this analysis was to report on our experience of the utility of coincidence positron emission tomography (co-PET) based on an 18F-FDG gamma camera in assessing treatment response to imatinib using CT as the comparator and the final clinical outcome as the end point.

Renal scintigraphy unraveled the diagnostic dilemma of antenatal hydronephrotic solitary kidney-crossed renal ectopia.

On antenatal ultrasound assessment, an apparently solitary hydronephrotic kidney was identified, confirmed on postnatal ultrasound examination. More detailed postnatal investigations revealed the diagnosis of crossed renal ectopia.