Translocation of YopJ family effector proteins through the VirB/VirD4 T4SS of .

The evolutionary conserved YopJ family comprises numerous type-III-secretion system (T3SS) effectors of diverse mammalian and plant pathogens that acetylate host proteins to dampen immune responses. Acetylation is mediated by a central acetyltransferase domain that is flanked by conserved regulatory sequences, while a nonconserved N-terminal extension encodes the T3SS-specific translocation signal. spp.

: A Model Organism for Studying Infection and .

spp. are Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogens that infect diverse mammals and cause a long-lasting intra-erythrocytic bacteremia in their natural host. These bacteria translocate effector proteins (Beps) into host cells their VirB/VirD4 type 4 secretion system (T4SS) in order to subvert host cellular functions, thereby leading to the downregulation of innate immune responses.