Flow-following sensor devices: A tool for bridging data and model predictions in large-scale fermentations.

Production-scale fermentation processes in industrial biotechnology experience gradients in process variables, such as dissolved gases, pH and substrate concentrations, which can potentially affect the production organism and therefore the yield and profitability of the processes. However, the extent of the heterogeneity is unclear, as it is currently a challenge at large scale to obtain representative measurements from different zones of the reactor volume. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models have proven to be a valuable tool for better understanding the environment inside bioreactors.