ER-mitochondria association negatively affects wound healing by regulating NLRP3 activation.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common causative agent of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSI), one of the major challenges to the health system worldwide. Although the use of antibiotics as the first line of intervention for MRSA-infected wounds is recommended, important side effects could occur, including cytotoxicity or immune dysregulation, thus affecting the repair process. Here, we show that the oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid (LZD) impairs wound healing by aberrantly increasing interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) production in keratinocytes.

Early Biofilm Formation on the Drain Tip after Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Not Associated with Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Pilot Prospective Case Series Study of a Single Center.

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of arthroplasties that could occur during the surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze the biofilm formation through microbiological culture tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the tip of surgical drainage removed 24 h after arthroplasty surgery.

Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients were included in the present prospective observational study.

Features of Vat-Photopolymerized Masters for Microfluidic Device Manufacturing.

The growing interest in advancing microfluidic devices for manipulating fluids within micrometer-scale channels has prompted a shift in manufacturing practices, moving from single-component production to medium-size batches. This transition arises due to the impracticality of lab-scale manufacturing methods in accommodating the increased demand. This experimental study focuses on the design of master benchmarks 1-5, taking into consideration critical parameters such as rib width, height, and the relative width-to-height ratio.

On the Biomechanical Performances of Duplex Stainless Steel Graded Scaffolds Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion for Tissue Engineering Applications.

This experimental study aims to extend the know-how on biomechanical performances of duplex stainless steel (DSS) for tissue engineering applications to a graded lattice geometry scaffold based on the F53 DSS (UNS S32750 according to ASTM A182) produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The same dense-out graded geometry based on rhombic dodecahedral elementary unit cells investigated in previous work on 316L stainless steel (SS) was adopted here for the manufacturing of the F53 DSS scaffold (SF53). Microstructural characterization and mechanical and biological tests were carried out on the SF53 scaffold, using the in vitro behavior of the 316L stainless steel scaffold (S316L) as a control.

Improved biomechanical behavior of 316L graded scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration produced by laser powder bed fusion.

Graded lattice scaffolds based on rhombic dodecahedral (RD) elementary unit cell geometry were manufactured in 316L stainless steel (SS) by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Two different strategies based on varying strut thickness layer-by-layer in the building direction were adopted to obtain the graded scaffolds: a) decreasing strut size from core to edge to produce the dense-in (DI) structure and b) increasing strut size in the same direction to produce the dense-out (DO) structure. Both graded structures (DI and DO) were constructed with specular symmetry with respect to the central horizontal axis.

Oleuropein-Rich Gellan Gum/Alginate Films as Innovative Treatments against Photo-Induced Skin Aging.

L. leaf extracts (OLEs) represent highly value-added agro-industrial byproducts, being promising sources of significant antioxidant compounds, such as their main component, oleuropein. In this work, hydrogel films based on low-acyl gellan gum (GG) blended with sodium alginate (NaALG) were loaded with OLE and crosslinked with tartaric acid (TA).

A cytokine-induced spheroid-based model for studying osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

Given the lack of models faithfully reproducing the osteoarthritis (OA) disease on-set, this work aimed at manufacturing a reliable and predictive cytokine-based Articular Cartilage (AC) model to study OA progression. Cell spheroids of primary human fetal chondrocytes (FCs) and h-TERT mesenchymal stem cells differentiated chondrocytes (Y201-C) were analysed in terms of growth kinetics, cells proliferation and apoptosis over 10 days of culture, in healthy condition or in presence of cytokines (interleukin-1ß, -6 and TNF-α). Then, the spheroids were assembled into chondrospheres using a bottom-up strategy, to obtain an cytokines-induced OA model.

Influence of Trabecular Geometry on Scaffold Mechanical Behavior and MG-63 Cell Viability.

In a scaffold-based approach for bone tissue regeneration, the control over morphometry allows for balancing scaffold biomechanical performances. In this experimental work, trabecular geometry was obtained by a generative design process, and scaffolds were manufactured by vat photopolymerization with 60% (P60), 70% (P70) and 80% (P80) total porosity. The mechanical and biological performances of the produced scaffolds were investigated, and the results were correlated with morphometric parameters, aiming to investigate the influence of trabecular geometry on the elastic modulus, the ultimate compressive strength of scaffolds and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell viability.

Modulated the Expression of Osteogenic Markers in a Human Osteoblast Cell Line.

Several in vivo trials have previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of the administration of various probiotic forms on bone health. In this study, we explored the potency of two probiotics, and , alone or in combination with vitamin D (VD), to modulate the transcription of genes involved in the ossification process in a human osteoblast cell line. Genes that mark the "osteoblast proliferation phase", such as , , and , "extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation", such as and , as well as "ECM mineralization", such as , , and , were all highly expressed in osteoblasts treated with extract.

Tissue Biomarkers Predicting Lymph Node Status in Cutaneous Melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is a severe neoplasm that shows early invasiveness of the lymph nodes draining the primary site, with increased risk of distant metastases and recurrence. The tissue biomarker identification could be a new frontier to predict the risk of early lymph node invasiveness, especially in cases considered by current guidelines to be at low risk of lymph node involvement and not requiring evaluation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). For this reason, we present a narrative review of the literature, seeking to provide an overview of current tissue biomarkers, particularly vascular endothelium growth factors (VEGF), Tetraspanin CD9, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), D2-40, and gene expression profile test (31-GEP).

An In Vitro Engineered Osteochondral Model as Tool to Study Osteoarthritis Environment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative pathology characterized by mechanical and inflammatory damages affecting synovium, articular cartilage (AC), and subchondral bone (SB). Several in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models are developed to study OA, but to date the identification of specific pharmacological targets seems to be hindered by the lack of models with predictive capabilities. This study reports the development of a biomimetic in vitro model of AC and SB interface.

Altered type I collagen networking in osteoporotic human femoral head revealed by histomorphometric and Fourier transform infrared imaging correlated analyses.

Bone homeostasis is the equilibrium between organic and inorganic components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells. Alteration of this balance has consequences on bone mass and architecture, resulting in conditions such as osteoporosis (OP). Given ECM protein mutual regulation and their effects on bone structure and mineralization, further insight into their expression is crucial to understanding bone biology under normal and pathological conditions.

Valuable effect of Manuka Honey in increasing the printability and chondrogenic potential of a naturally derived bioink.

Hydrogel-based bioinks are the main formulations used for Articular Cartilage (AC) regeneration due to their similarity to chondral tissue in terms of morphological and mechanical properties. However, the main challenge is to design and formulate bioinks able to allow reproducible additive manufacturing and fulfil the biological needs for the required tissue. In our work, we investigated an innovative Manuka honey (MH)-loaded photocurable gellan gum methacrylated (GGMA) bioink, encapsulating mesenchymal stem cells differentiated in chondrocytes (MSCs-C), to generate 3D bioprinted construct for AC studies.

Tetraspanin CD9 Expression Predicts Sentinel Node Status in Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma.

The tetraspanin CD9 is considered a metastasis suppressor in many cancers, however its role is highly debated. Currently, little is known about CD9 prognostic value in cutaneous melanoma. Our aim was to analyse CD9 expression in melanocytic nevi and primary cutaneous melanomas through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence approaches to determine its correlation with invasiveness and metastatic potential.

Study of the Adhesion of the Human Gut Microbiota on Electrospun Structures.

Although the adhesion of bacteria on surfaces is a widely studied process, to date, most of the works focus on a single species of microorganisms and are aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial properties of biomaterials. Here, we describe how a complex microbial community, i.e.

3D Printed Scaffold Based on Type I Collagen/PLGA_TGF-β1 Nanoparticles Mimicking the Growth Factor Footprint of Human Bone Tissue.

In bone regenerative strategies, the controlled release of growth factors is one of the main aspects for successful tissue regeneration. Recent trends in the drug delivery field increased the interest in the development of biodegradable systems able to protect and transport active agents. In the present study, we designed degradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA) nanocarriers suitable for the release of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a key molecule in the management of bone cells behaviour.

The multifaced role of HtrA1 in the development of joint and skeletal disorders.

HtrA1 (High temperature requirement A1) family proteins include four members, widely conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, named HtrA1, HtrA2, HtrA3 and HtrA4. HtrA1 is a serine protease involved in a variety of biological functions regulating many signaling pathways degrading specific components and playing key roles in many human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, pregnancy complications and cancer. Due to its role in the breakdown of many ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM) components of articular cartilage such as fibronectin, decorin and aggrecan, HtrA1 encouraged many researches on studying its role in several skeletal diseases (SDs).

Insights into oxidative stress in bone tissue and novel challenges for biomaterials.

The presence of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in bone can influence resident cells behaviour as well as the extra-cellular matrix composition and the tissue architecture. Aging, in addition to excessive overloads, unbalanced diet, smoking, predisposing genetic factors, lead to an increase of ROS and, if it is accompanied with an inappropriate production of scavengers, promotes the generation of oxidative stress that encourages bone catabolism. Furthermore, bone injuries can be triggered by numerous events such as road and sports accidents or tumour resection.

Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium impairs stem cells: a vicious cycle in age-related macular degeneration.

Aging, chronic oxidative stress, and inflammation are major pathogenic factors in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the loss of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The human RPE contains a subpopulation of progenitors (i.e.

Innovative Eco-Friendly Hydrogel Film for Berberine Delivery in Skin Applications.

Hydrogel formulations (masks or patches, without tissue support) represent the new frontier for customizable skin beauty and health. The employment of these materials is becoming popular in wound dressing, to speed up the healing process while protecting the affected area, as well as to provide a moisturizing reservoir, control the inflammatory process and the onset of bacterial development. Most of these hydrogels are acrylic-based at present, not biodegradable and potentially toxic, due to acrylic monomers residues.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNAs in male infertility.

Background: Male infertility is a problem that affects 10-15% of men of reproductive age. In particular, gametogenesis is a complex process in which inflammation may play a central role through the secretion of cytokines and the expression of microRNAs. We assessed the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1α) and microRNAs (miR-146a-5p, miR-34a-5p and miR-23a-3p) in the seminal plasma of infertile men compared to controls, evaluating their correlation with seminal and biochemical parameters.

Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink.

Gelatin is a natural biopolymer extensively used for tissue engineering applications due to its similarities to the native extracellular matrix. However, the rheological properties of gelatin formulations are not ideal for extrusion-based bioprinting. In this work, we present an approach to improve gelatin bioprinting performances by using pectin as a rheology modifier of gelatin and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a gelatin-pectin crosslinking agent.

Physicochemical Characterization of Pectin-Gelatin Biomaterial Formulations for 3D Bioprinting.

Developing biomaterial formulations with specific biochemical characteristics and physical properties suitable for bioprinting of 3D scaffolds is a pivotal challenge in tissue engineering. Therefore, the design of novel bioprintable formulations is a continuously evolving research field. In this work, the authors aim at expanding the library of biomaterial inks by blending two natural biopolymers: pectin and gelatin.