Analysis of the immune response using FTIR spectroscopy in mothers and their newborns with different vaccination schemes for COVID-19.

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has provoked more than 6 million deaths worldwide. The scarcity of effective treatments and its virulence converted the vaccines into an essential tool to face it. The most used vaccines were the mRNA, adenovirus vector, and inactivated whole-virus.

Association of TLR8 Variants in Sex-Based Clinical Differences in Patients with COVID-19.

The host immune response might confer differential vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8), could participated for severe COVID-19 outcomes. To investigated the relationship of TLR8 rs3764879-C/G, rs3764880-A/G, and rs3761624-A/G with COVID-19 outcomes and with biochemical parameters.

The fatal contribution of serine protease-related genetic variants to COVID-19 outcomes.

Introduction: Serine proteases play a critical role during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, polymorphisms of transmembrane protease serine 2 () and serpine family E member 1 () could help to elucidate the contribution of variability to COVID-19 outcomes.

Methods: To evaluate the genetic variants of the genes previously associated with COVID-19 outcomes, we performed a cross-sectional study in which 1536 SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were enrolled.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Drug Resistance of Strains Isolated from HIV-Infected Patients from a Third-Level Public Hospital in Mexico.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is associated with higher mortality rates in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In Mexico, the number of deaths due to TB among the HIV-positive population has tripled in recent years.

Methods: Ninety-three strains isolated from the same number of HIV-infected patients treated in a public hospital in Mexico City were studied to determine the drug resistance to first- and second-line anti-TB drugs and to identify the mutations associated with the resistance.

Polyphenolic Compounds Nanostructurated with Gold Nanoparticles Enhance Wound Repair.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used in a wide range of applications, conferring to bio-molecules diverse properties such as delivery, stabilization, and reduction of the adverse effects of drugs or plant extracts. Polyphenolic compounds from ( (BP) can modulate proliferation, adhesion, migration, and cell differentiation, reducing the artificial scratch area in fibroblast cultures and promoting wound healing in an in vivo model. Here, chemically synthesized AuNPs conjugated with BP (AuNP-BP) were characterized using UV-Vis, ATR-FTIR, DLS, zeta-potential, and TEM analysis.

Two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) analysis using FTIR spectra to monitor the immune response by COVID-19.

There is a growing trend in using saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection with reasonable accuracy. We have studied the responses of IgA, IgG, and IgM in human saliva by directly comparing disease with control analyzing two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. It explores the molecular-level variation between control and COVID-19 saliva samples.

Effects of solvent extracted organic matter from outdoor air pollution on human type II pneumocytes: Molecular and proteomic analysis.

Outdoor air pollution is responsible for the exacerbation of respiratory diseases in humans. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM) is one of the main components of outdoor air pollution, and solvent extracted organic matter (SEOM) is adsorbed to the main PM core.

Dynamic response antibodies SARS-CoV-2 human saliva studied using two-dimensional correlation (2DCOS) infrared spectral analysis coupled with receiver operation characteristics analysis.

COVID-19 has affected the entire world due to the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, mainly through airborne particles from saliva, which, being easily obtained, help monitor the progression of the disease. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra combined with chemometric analysis could increase the diagnostic efficiency of the disease. However, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) is superior to conventional spectra as it helps to resolve the minute overlapped peaks.

Skin wound healing improvement in diabetic mice through FTIR microspectroscopy after implanting pluripotent stem cells.

Diabetes is a chronic degenerative disease that carries multiple complications. One of the most important complications is the diabetic cutaneous complications, such as skin lesions, ulcerations, and diabetic foot, which are present in 30%-70% of the patients. Currently, the treatments for wound healing include growth factors and cytokines, skin substitutes, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and skin grafts.

Comparison of the Immune Response in Vaccinated People Positive and Negative to SARS-CoV-2 Employing FTIR Spectroscopy.

Various immunopathological events characterize the systemic acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, it has been reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and infection by SARS-CoV-2 induce humoral immunity mediated by B-cell-derived antibodies and cellular immunity mediated by T cells and memory B cells. Immunoglobulins, cytokines, and chemokines play an important role in shaping immunity in response to infection and vaccination.

Attenuated total reflection FTIR dataset for identification of type 2 diabetes using saliva.

Diabetes is one of the top 5 non-communicable diseases that occur worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Despite not being a fatal disease, a late diagnosis as well as poor control can cause a fatal outcome, because of that, several studies have been carried out with the aim of proposing additional techniques to the gold standard to assist in the diagnosis and control of this disease in a non-invasive way. Considering the above, and in order to provide a solid starting point for future researches, we share a primary research dataset with 1040 saliva samples obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy considering the Attenuated Total Reflectance method.

Food grade titanium dioxide accumulation leads to cellular alterations in colon cells after removal of a 24-hour exposure.

Titanium dioxide food grade (E171) is one of the most used food additives containing nanoparticles. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority indicated that E171 could no longer be considered safe as a food additive due to the possibility of it being genotoxic and there is evidence that E171 administration exacerbates colon tumor formation in murine models. However, less is known about the effects of E171 accumulation once the exposure stopped, then we hypothesized that toxic effects could be detected even after E171 removal.

Artificial intelligence model validation before its application in clinical diagnosis assistance.

The process of selecting an artificial intelligence (AI) model to assist clinical diagnosis of a particular pathology and its validation tests is relevant since the values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity may not reflect the behavior of the method in a real environment. Here, we provide helpful considerations to increase the success of using an AI model in clinical practice.

and Gene Variants Are Associated With Severe Outcomes of COVID-19 in Men.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, affecting more than 219 countries and causing the death of more than 5 million people worldwide. The genetic background represents a factor that predisposes the way the host responds to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this sense, genetic variants of and could explain the observed interindividual variability to COVID-19 outcomes.

ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest biological hazard for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though numerous diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, new diagnosis strategies are being developed, looking for less expensive methods to be used as screening. This study aimed to establish salivary vibrational modes analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to detect COVID-19 biological fingerprints that allow the discrimination between COVID-19 and healthy patients.

Differential response of immobile (pneumocytes) and mobile (monocytes) barriers against 2 types of metal oxide nanoparticles.

Background: Inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) challenges mobile and immobile barriers in the respiratory tract, which can be represented by type II pneumocytes (immobile) and monocytes (mobile) but what is more important for biological effects, the cell linage, or the type of nanoparticle? Here, we addressed these questions and we demonstrated that the type of NPs exerts a higher influence on biological effects, but cell linages also respond differently against similar type of NPs.

Design: Type II pneumocytes and monocytes were exposed to tin dioxide (SnO) NPs and titanium dioxide (TiO) NPs (1, 10 and 50 μg/cm) for 24 h and cell viability, ultrastructure, cell granularity, molecular spectra of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and cytoskeleton architecture were evaluated.

Results: SnO NPs and TiO NPs are metal oxides with similar physicochemical properties.

Different kinds of stem cells in the development of SARS-CoV-2 treatments.

On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization officially announced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as an emerging recent pandemic illness, which currently has approximately taken the life of two million persons in more than 200 countries. Medical, clinical, and scientific efforts have focused on searching for new prevention and treatment strategies. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering focused on using stem cells (SCs) have become a promising tool, and the regenerative and immunoregulatory capabilities of mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) and their exosomes have been demonstrated.

A machine-learning strategy to evaluate the use of FTIR spectra of saliva for a good control of type 2 diabetes.

The World Health Organization has declared that diabetes is one of the four leading causes of death attributable to non-communicable diseases. Currently, many devices allow monitoring blood glucose levels for diabetes control based mainly on blood tests. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology based on the analysis of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of saliva using machine learning techniques to characterize controlled and uncontrolled diabetic patients, clustering patients in groups of a low, medium, and high glucose levels, and finally performing the point estimation of a glucose value.

Toxicity of engineered nanomaterials with different physicochemical properties and the role of protein corona on cellular uptake and intrinsic ROS production.

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has listed thirteen engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in order to investigate their toxicity on human health. Silicon dioxide (SiO) and titanium dioxide (TiO) are included on that list and we added indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NPs) to our study, which is not listed on OECD suggested ENM to be investigated, however ITO NPs has a high potential of industrial production. We evaluate the physicochemical properties of SiO NPs (10-20 nm), TiO nanofibers (NFs; 3 μm length) and ITO NPs (<50 nm) and the impact of protein-corona formation on cell internalization.

Astrocytes Are More Vulnerable than Neurons to Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticle Toxicity in Vitro.

Some studies have shown that silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO-NPs) can reach different regions of the brain and cause toxicity; however, the consequences of SiO-NPs exposure on the diverse brain cell lineages is limited. We aimed to investigate the neurotoxic effects of SiO-NP (0-100 µg/mL) on rat astrocyte-rich cultures or neuron-rich cultures using scanning electron microscopy, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), FTIR microspectroscopy mapping (IQ mapping), and cell viability tests. SiO-NPs were amorphous particles and aggregated in saline and culture media.

Biochemical similarity between cultured chondrocytes and chondrocytes by chemometric analysis from FTIR microspectroscopy.

Background Aims: Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-spectroscopy (FTIRM) is an emerging tool that obtains images with biochemical information of samples that are too small to be chemically analyzed by conventional Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. So, the central objective of this project was to study the biochemical similarity between articular and cultured chondrocytes by chemometric analysis from FTIRM.

Methods: Nine samples of knee articular cartilage were obtained; each sample was divided into two fragments, one portion was used for FTIRM characterization , and from another part, chondrocytes were obtained to be cultured (), which were subjected to an FTIRM to characterize their biomolecular components.

Characterization of the Biological Fingerprint and Identification of Associated Parameters in Stress Fractures by FTIR Spectroscopy.

Introduction: The stress fractures (SFs) are a common condition in athletes and military recruits, characterized by partial fracture caused by repetitive applications of stresses that are lower than the stress required to fracture the bone in a single loading. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy gives information about the bone composition and also can determine the amount of a molecule. For this reason, the FTIR spectroscopy may be used as a tool for diagnosis of certain bone diseases related to the bone strength.

Biochemical and histological effects of embryonic stem cells in a mouse model of renal failure.

Kidney diseases are a global public health problem. Despite significant advances in the understanding of renal failure (RF) and replacement therapies, this condition carries a series of complications and the life's quality of patients decreases. Differentiation capability of stem cells and their beneficial effects when they are implanted in animal models have been reported.