Childhood Obesity and Essential Micronutrients: Insights from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (2016-18).

Introduction: Based on the long-term impact of childhood obesity, there is a compelling need to assess the burden of obesity and micronutrient deficiency and the interactions between the two. Thus, the aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents to compare micro-nutrient levels in these children with normal and underweight categories and explore the factors affecting overweight and obesity in the presence of micronutrient deficiencies.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey-India (2017-2018) was done.

A 13 year hospital based study on the Trend of Urinary Stone Disease in Uttarakhand, India.

Background: The present retrospective study on urinary stone disease in the Uttarakhand state was necessitated as no study has been done yet.

Methods: A 13 year retrospective study (from 2005 to 2018) was conducted on the urinary stones removed from the patients, admitted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. The incidence of the disease, site of stones in urinary tract upon diagnosis, composition of removed stones and occurrence of a possible co-relationship between the incidence of the urinary stone disease at different times, age, sex, religion of the patients was investigated.

Fluoride and Biological Mineralization II: Mechanism of Action of Fluoride to Influence the Collagen-Induced In Vitro Mineralization and Demineralization Reactions.

Fluoride had been shown to inhibit collagen-induced in vitro mineralization without affecting demineralization at its lower concentrations (> 1X10 and < 1X10 M) and stimulate mineralization in addition to inhibiting demineralization at its concentration > 1X10 M. The present studies were designed to investigate the mechanism by which fluoride acts to produce these concentration-dependent effects. The inhibition of mineralization occurring at the lower concentrations of fluoride was found to be due to the inactivation of the specific calcium binding sites of collagen involved in initiating the process of mineralization.

Fluoride and Biological Calcification I: Effect of Fluoride on Collagen-Induced In Vitro Mineralization and Demineralization Reactions.

An in vitro system employing collagen isolated from the sheep tendons to induce mineralization and demineralization reactions was used not only to study the effect of various concentrations of fluoride on the collagen-induced mineralization and demineralization reactions but also to compare their action with the inhibitors of mineralization and/or demineralization. Studies demonstrated that under physiological conditions, at lower concentrations (5 × 10 to 5 × 10 M) fluoride inhibited while at higher concentrations (> 10 M), it stimulated the collagen-induced in vitro mineralization. At higher concentrations, fluoride was also found to inhibit the demineralization of the collagen bound preformed mineral phase.

Effect of Atorvastatin on blood ketone levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A single arm pilot study.

Background And Aims: Cholesterol and ketone bodies are synthesized in liver from a common precursor acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Statins by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis may lead to accumulation of acetyl-CoA in hepatocytes and its diversion towards ketogenesis. Ketone bodies may act as alternative energy source thus sparing blood glucose and contributing to hyperglycemia.

Nephrolithiasis: molecular mechanism of renal stone formation and the critical role played by modulators.

Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithiasis is a significant clinical problem in everyday practice with a subsequent burden for the health system. Nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of stones as well as their prevention and cure still remains rudimentary.