Contact Allergy to Two Aluminum Salts in Consecutively Patch-Tested Dermatitis Patients.

Background: Recently, aluminum chloride hexahydrate (ACH) 10.0% petrolatum (pet) was recommended for patch testing to detect aluminum contact allergy. Aluminum lactate (AL) may be as reliable a test substance as ACH.

Contact allergy to fragrance mix I and its components in individuals with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen.

Background: Contact allergy to fragrance mix I (FM I) is over-represented in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen. The prevalence of contact allergy to two components of FM I, cinnamal and cinnamyl alcohol, in ketoprofen-photoallergic patients is higher than in dermatitis patients.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of contact allergy to FM I and its individual components in patients with photocontact allergy to ketoprofen, and to compare with a dermatitis and the general population.

Oral provocation of patients allergic to sesquiterpene lactones with German chamomile tea to demonstrate possible systemic allergic dermatitis.

Background: Most patients with contact allergy to Asteraceae plants are patch test positive to sesquiterpene lactone mix (SLM). There are several reports among these patients of a flare-up of hand eczema after ingestion of food and beverages originating from Asteraceae plants.

Aim: To investigate whether German chamomile tea can elicit systemic allergic dermatitis.

Prevalence of contact allergy to metals: nickel, palladium, and cobalt in Southern Sweden from 1995-2016.

Background: In 2001, the EU nickel directive was introduced to prevent contact allergy to nickel. Contact allergy to palladium and/or cobalt is often seen together with contact allergy to nickel.

Objectives: To compare the contact allergy prevalence of nickel, palladium, and cobalt allergy before and after the introduction of the EU nickel directive in consecutive patients with dermatitis.

Variation and covariation in patch test reactivity to palladium and nickel salts.

Concomitant reactions to palladium chloride (PdCl), sodium tetrachloropalladate (NaPdCl), and nickel hexahydrate sulphate (NiSO·6HO) are very common during patch testing and have mainly been explained by cross-sensitisation. Whether there is variation in reactivity to palladium or covariation to nickel and palladium is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the variation in patch test reactivity to PdCl and NaPdCl over time and compare this to variation in patch test reactivity to NiSO·6HO.

A Retrospective Study of Aimed Patch Testing With Aqueous Nickel Sulfate Hexahydrate at 30% and 15% in Patients With Dermatitis.

Background: Sometimes, patients with a history of metal intolerance react negatively or doubtfully to nickel at patch testing.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether aqueous nickel sulfate hexahydrate at 15% and 30% traces more contact allergy than the nickel preparation in the baseline series at 5%.

Methods: In the period 1995-2015, more than 800 of 16,059 patients with a negative or doubtful patch test reaction to the petrolatum preparation of nickel at 5% on the day 3 reading were additionally tested with aqueous nickel at 15% and/or 30%.

Variation in aluminium patch test reactivity over time.

Background: Contact allergy to aluminium has been reported more frequently in recent years. It has been pointed out that positive patch test reactions to aluminium may not be reproducible on retesting.

Objectives: To investigate possible variations in patch test reactivity to aluminium over time.

Contact allergy in atopic individuals in relation to allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Type I sensitizations and atopic dermatitis (AD) often appear in the same patient. Beneficial effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in patients with both AD and type I allergies have been reported. The predisposing role of AD to the development of type IV sensitization is discussed.

Triphenylguanidine, a new (old?) rubber accelerator detected in surgical gloves that may cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Background: Rubber accelerators are common contact allergens in healthcare personnel, owing to exposures from medical gloves.

Objectives: To analyse glove extracts used for patch testing for the presence of guanidine-type accelerators, and to describe the results of patch testing with triphenylguanidine (TPG) in 2 cases of contact allergy and with TPG added to the rubber series.

Materials And Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection were used for analysis of glove extracts.

Young individuals with atopic disease and asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis may have clinically relevant contact allergies.

Background: Children and adolescents with atopic disease who have allergic asthma and/or rhinitis with and without atopic dermatitis may have hidden, clinically relevant contact allergies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to survey contact allergies in children and adolescents who had been offered allergen-specific immunotherapy and accepted (exposed)/not accepted (unexposed) such treatment.

Methods: Thirty-seven exposed and 24 unexposed individuals with atopic disease were patch tested with a standard series supplemented with aluminum chloride hexahydrate, an empty Finn Chamber, and 8 antigen preparations.

Methylisothiazolinone contact allergy is rising to alarming heights also in southern Sweden.

The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a well-known sensitiser and present in most baseline series since at least 20 years. The proportions of MCI/MI are 3:1. MI alone has been used as a preservative in occupational and household products, and cosmetics since less than 10 years.

Chemical burns caused by trifluoroacetic acid.

Background: Trifluoroacetic acid is a very strong carboxylic acid. The acid has been suspected to have similar toxic effects as hydrofluoric acid on skin contact. Hydrofluoric acid is highly toxic, owing to skin penetration by fluoride ions.

Usage test with palladium-coated earrings in patients with contact allergy to palladium and nickel.

Background: Since the EU Nickel Directive came into force, concern has been raised that palladium may increasingly replace nickel in alloys used in jewellery and dentistry, and that it may cause as many allergy problems as nickel.

Objectives: (i) To investigate the clinical relevance of contact allergy to palladium resulting from the wearing of palladium-coated earrings, and (ii) to evaluate the concordance in test results between palladium chloride (PdCl2 ), sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2 PdCl4 ), and nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4 .6H2 O), as well as variability in patch test reactivity.

Contact sensitization to calocephalin, a sesquiterpene lactone of the guaianolide type from cushion bush (Leucophyta brownii, Compositae).

Background: Cushion bush [Leucophyta brownii Cass. = Calocephalus brownii (Cass.) F.

Does allergen-specific immunotherapy induce contact allergy to aluminium?

Persistent, itching nodules have been reported to appear at the injection site after allergen-specific immuno-therapy with aluminium-precipitated antigen extract, occasionally in conjunction with contact allergy to aluminium. This study aimed to quantify the development of contact allergy to aluminium during allergen-specific immunotherapy. A randomized, controlled, single-blind multicentre study of children and adults entering allergen-specific immunotherapy was performed using questionnaires and patch-testing.

Establishing aluminium contact allergy.

Background: Traditionally, contact allergy to aluminium has been established by patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum at 2.0% and an empty Finn Chamber®.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate different aluminium test preparations regarding an optimal compound and an optimal test concentration.

Successful photopatch testing with ketoprofen using one-hour occlusion.

The standard procedure for photopatch testing includes 24-h occlusion of the allergen, followed by irradiation at 5 J/cm2 ultraviolet A (UVA). Due to the timing, a separate visit to the clinic is needed for UV irradiation. The aim of this study was to determine whether a reduction in occlusion time from 24 h to 1 h, in order to simplify the testing procedure, influences test results when photopatch testing with ketoprofen.

Cobalt-containing alloys and their ability to release cobalt and cause dermatitis.

Background: Cobalt, nickel, and chromium are important skin sensitizers. However, knowledge about cobalt exposure and causes of cobalt sensitization is limited.

Objectives: To study release of cobalt, nickel, and chromium from some cobalt-containing hard metal alloys and to test reactivity to the materials in cobalt-sensitized patients.

There is an association between contact allergy to aluminium and persistent subcutaneous nodules in children undergoing hyposensitization therapy.

Background: The development of persistent itchy nodules at the injection site following hyposensitization therapy with aluminium-precipitated antigen extract has been described in several reports. Occasionally, contact allergy to aluminium has been reported in individuals with such nodules.

Objectives: To investigate if hyposensitization therapy can induce contact allergy to aluminium and examine if there is any association between persistent subcutaneous nodules and aluminium allergy.

Patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms of chamomile tea in patients allergic to sesquiterpene lactones.

Patients with contact allergy to sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are usually hypersensitive to Asteraceae plant products such as herbal teas. The objective of this study was to show sensitizers in chamomile tea by patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms. Tea made from German chamomile was separated by thin-layer chromatography.