Immune Memory After Respiratory Infection With Is Revealed by Stimulation of Murine Splenocytes With Inactivated Pneumococcal Whole Cells: Evidence of Early Recall Responses by Transcriptomic Analysis.

The stimulation of immune system cells with live or killed bacteria is essential for understanding the host response to pathogens. In the present study, we propose a model combining transcriptomic and cytokine assays on murine splenocytes to describe the immune recall in the days following pneumococcal lung infection. Mice were sacrificed at days 1, 2, 4, and 7 after (TIGR4 serotype 4) intranasal infection and splenocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of the same inactivated bacterial strain to access the transcriptomic and cytokine profiles.

Safety and immunogenicity of ChAd63-KH vaccine in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients in Sudan.

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a chronic, stigmatizing skin condition occurring frequently after apparent clinical cure from visceral leishmaniasis. Given an urgent need for new treatments, we conducted a phase IIa safety and immunogenicity trial of ChAd63-KH vaccine in Sudanese patients with persistent PKDL. LEISH2a (ClinicalTrials.

Optimized Protocol for the Detection of Multifunctional Epitope-Specific CD4 T Cells Combining MHC-II Tetramer and Intracellular Cytokine Staining Technologies.

Analysis of multifunctional CD4 T cells is fundamental for characterizing the immune responses to vaccination or infection. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide tetramers represent a powerful technology for the detection of antigen-specific T cells by specific binding to their T-cell receptor, and their combination with functional assays is fundamental for characterizing the antigen-specific immune response. Here we optimized a protocol for the detection of multiple intracellular cytokines within epitope-specific CD4 T cells identified by the MHC class II tetramer technology.