Evaluation of multiple breast cancer polygenic risk score panels in women of Latin American heritage.

Background: A substantial portion of the genetic predisposition for breast cancer is explained by multiple common genetic variants of relatively small effect. A subset of these variants, which have been identified mostly in individuals of European and Asian ancestry, have been combined to construct a polygenic risk score (PRS) to predict breast cancer risk, but the prediction accuracy of existing PRSs in Hispanic/Latinx individuals (H/L) remain relatively low. We assessed the performance of several existing PRS panels with and without addition of H/L specific variants among self-reported H/L women.

Subcutaneous versus intravenous administration of Trastuzumab: a minimization cost analysis with real world data from a reference cancer centre in Peru.

Breast cancer (BC) is a global concern, with Peru experiencing a high incidence and mortality. Trastuzumab, a crucial treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive BC, is administered intravenously or subcutaneously (SC). This study evaluates the costs associated with both methods at Peru's Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas.

Subcutaneous Trastuzumab: An Observational Study of Safety and Tolerability in Patients With Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

In Peru, breast cancer (BC) stands as the most predominant malignancy neoplasm among women. Trastuzumab has marked a significant milestone in the management of this disease. It has been shown to improve prognosis in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-expressing female patients, but its repercussions and efficacy are yet to be analyzed in a context with limited resources.

Sirenian (manatees and dugongs) reproductive endocrinology.

Reproductive hormones are essential to mating systems, behavior, fertility, gestation, parturition, and lactation in mammals and understanding the role of hormones in these processes is essential for species conservation. Sirenia is a unique order of marine mammals that include manatees, dugongs, and the extinct Steller's sea cow. Extant Sirenian species are all listed as vulnerable due to habitat loss, cold stress, boat strike trauma, harmful algal bloom toxicity, entanglements, and illegal hunting.

Breast cancer subtype and clinical characteristics in women from Peru.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the distribution of the different subtypes varies by race/ethnic category in the United States and by country. Established breast cancer-associated factors impact subtype-specific risk; however, these included limited or no representation of Latin American diversity. To address this gap in knowledge, we report a description of demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle breast cancer-associated factors by age at diagnosis and disease subtype for The Peruvian Genetics and Genomics of Breast Cancer (PEGEN-BC) study.

Association between Ancestry-Specific 6q25 Variants and Breast Cancer Subtypes in Peruvian Women.

Background: Breast cancer incidence in the United States is lower in Hispanic/Latina (H/L) compared with African American/Black or Non-Hispanic White women. An Indigenous American breast cancer-protective germline variant (rs140068132) has been reported near the estrogen receptor 1 gene. This study tests the association of rs140068132 and other polymorphisms in the 6q25 region with subtype-specific breast cancer risk in H/Ls of high Indigenous American ancestry.

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer Is Associated with Indigenous American Ancestry in Latin American Women.

Women of Latin American origin in the United States are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and have a higher risk of mortality than non-Hispanic White women. Studies in U.S.

Tumor Protein p53 and K-ras Gene Mutations in Peruvian Patients with Gallbladder Cancer.

Background: Recent studies have shown that genetic alterations are associated with the effect of patient geographic location on gallbladder cancer development. Peru has a high incidence of gallbladder cancer, but causative factors have not yet been identified. We examined the frequency of mutations in TP53 and K-ras genes in Peruvian patients with gallbladder cancer, and compared this with data from Bolivia, Hungary, Chile, and Japan, which have a high gallbladder cancer incidence.

Breast cancer subtype and survival among Indigenous American women in Peru.

Latina women in the U.S. have relatively low breast cancer incidence compared to Non-Latina White (NLW) or African American women but are more likely to be diagnosed with the more aggressive "triple negative" breast cancer (TNBC).

The implementation of the Plan Esperanza and response to the imPACT Review.

Following the implementation of the National Cancer Prevention and Control Results-based Budget Programme (PpR Cancer-024) in 2011, the Peruvian Government approved the Plan Esperanza-a population-based national cancer control plan-in 2012. Legislation that ensured full government-supported funding for people who were otherwise unable to access or afford care and treatment accompanied the Plan. In 2013, the Ministry of Health requested an integrated mission of the Programme of Action for Cancer Therapy (imPACT) report to strengthen cancer control in Peru.

Lack of an Effect of Ritonavir Alone and Lopinavir-Ritonavir on the Pharmacokinetics of Fenofibric Acid in Healthy Volunteers.

Study Objective: Because we previously observed a significant 41% reduction in gemfibrozil exposure after 2 weeks of lopinavir-ritonavir administration, we sought to determine the influence of lopinavir-ritonavir and ritonavir alone on the pharmacokinetics of fenofibric acid, an alternative to gemfibrozil for the treatment of elevated triglyceride levels.

Design: Open-label, single-sequence pharmacokinetic study.

Setting: Clinical Research Center at the National Institutes of Health.

Efavirenz but Not Atazanavir/Ritonavir Significantly Reduces Atovaquone Concentrations in HIV-Infected Subjects.

Background: The current study was conducted to determine if efavirenz (EFV) or atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) impacted steady-state atovaquone plasma concentrations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving treatment doses of atovaquone.

Methods: Thirty HIV-infected volunteers were recruited, 10 taking no cART and 10 each taking cART that included EFV or ATV/r. Subjects were randomly assigned to atovaquone 750 mg twice daily (BID) for 14 days followed by atovaquone 1500 mg BID for 14 days, or vice-versa, with a washout period in between.

High adherence to all-oral directly acting antiviral HCV therapy among an inner-city patient population in a phase 2a study.

Background: As treatment for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) virus has evolved to all-oral, interferon-free directly acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, the impact of these improvements on patient adherence has not been described.

Methods: Medication adherence was measured in 60 HCV, genotype-1, treatment-naïve participants enrolled in a phase 2a clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health and community clinics. Participants received either ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) (90 mg/400 mg) (one pill) daily for 12 weeks, LDV/SOF + GS-9451 (80 mg/day) (two pills) daily for 6 weeks, or LDV/SOF + GS-9669 (500 mg twice daily; three pills, two in the morning, one in the evening) for 6 weeks.

Influence of Panax ginseng on the steady state pharmacokinetic profile of lopinavir-ritonavir in healthy volunteers.

Study Objective: Panax ginseng has been shown in preclinical studies to modulate cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of HIV protease inhibitors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of P. ginseng on the pharmacokinetics of the HIV protease inhibitor combination lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV-r) in healthy volunteers.

The therapeutic role of fulvestrant in the management of patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Although selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, or aromatase inhibitors (AIs), such as anastrozole, are the preferred endocrine treatment approach for most patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, many patients progress despite this therapy or become resistant. Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor down-regulator (SERD) that has demonstrated activity and efficacy in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer previously untreated or treated with hormonal therapy. The efficacy of fulvestrant has been demonstrated in the neoadjuvant and metastatic settings, either alone or in combination with other therapies such as anastrozole or targeted drugs.

Influence of low-dose ritonavir with and without darunavir on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled beclomethasone.

Objective: To identify an alternative inhaled corticosteroid to fluticasone propionate that can be safely coadministered with HIV protease inhibitors, the safety and pharmacokinetics of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and its active metabolite, beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP), in combination with ritonavir (RTV) and darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) were assessed.

Design: Open-label, prospective, randomized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers received inhaled 160 μg bid BDP for 14 days and were then randomized (1:1:1) into 3 groups: group 1 (control) remained on BDP alone for 28 days, group 2 received 100 mg bid BDP + RTV for 28 days, and group 3 received 600/100 mg bid BDP + DRV/r for 28 days.