Association mapping of autumn-seeded rye (Secale cereale L.) reveals genetic linkages between genes controlling winter hardiness and plant development.

Winter field survival (WFS) in autumn-seeded winter cereals is a complex trait associated with low temperature tolerance (LTT), prostrate growth habit (PGH), and final leaf number (FLN). WFS and the three sub-traits were analyzed by a genome-wide association study of 96 rye (Secale cereal L.) genotypes of different origins and winter-hardiness levels.

The Relationships between Plant Developmental Traits and Winter Field Survival in Rye ( L.).

Overwintering cereals accumulate low temperature tolerance (LTT) during cold acclimation in the autumn. Simultaneously, the plants adjust to the colder season by making developmental changes at the shoot apical meristem. These processes lead to higher winter hardiness in winter rye varieties ( L.

Sequential expression of raffinose synthase and stachyose synthase corresponds to successive accumulation of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose in developing seeds of Lens culinaris Medik.

Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose form the three major members of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulated during seed development. Raffinose synthase (RS; EC 2.4.

Brassinosteroid receptor mutation influences starch granule size distribution in barley grains.

Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant-based steroids which influence several morphogenetic and developmental processes. A barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotype Kinai Kyoshinkai-2 (KK-2) carrying the uzu mutation exhibited altered starch granule size distribution.

Co-localization of genomic regions associated with seed morphology and composition in a desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) population varying in seed protein concentration.

Major QTL on LG 1 and 3 control seed filling and seed coat development, thereby affecting seed shape, size, color, composition and weight, key determinants of crop yield and quality. A chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) population consisting of 189 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between medium-protein ICC 995 and high-protein ICC 5912 genotypes of the desi market class was analyzed for seed properties.

Differential expression of two galactinol synthase isoforms LcGolS1 and LcGolS2 in developing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv CDC Redberry) seeds.

Galactinol synthase (GS, EC 2.4.1.

Genotype, environment and G × E interaction influence (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan fine structure in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

Background: The structure of β-glucan influences its use in cereal-based foods and feed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environment (E) and genotype (G) on β-glucan fine structure and its genetic control in two-row spring barley with normal starch characteristics.

Results: A population of 89 recombinant inbred lines, derived from the cross of two-row spring barley genotypes Merit × H93174006 (H92076F1 × TR238), was characterized for concentration and structure of grain β-glucan in two environments.

Galactinol synthase enzyme activity influences raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulation in developing chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds.

To understand raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) metabolism in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds, RFO accumulation and corresponding biosynthetic enzymes activities were determined during seed development of chickpea genotypes with contrasting RFO concentrations. RFO concentration in mature seeds was found as a facilitator rather than a regulating step of seed germination.

Light-quality and temperature-dependent CBF14 gene expression modulates freezing tolerance in cereals.

Unlabelled: C-repeat binding factor 14 (CBF14) is a plant transcription factor that regulates a set of cold-induced genes, contributing to enhanced frost tolerance during cold acclimation. Many CBF genes are induced by cool temperatures and regulated by day length and light quality, which affect the amount of accumulated freezing tolerance. Here we show that a low red to far-red ratio in white light enhances CBF14 expression and increases frost tolerance at 15°C in winter Triticum aesitivum and Hordeum vulgare genotypes, but not in T.

Development of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines with altered starch granule size distribution.

Microscope analysis of starches prepared from 139 barley genotypes identified a Japanese genotype, Kinai Kyoshinkai-2 (KK-2), with altered starch granule size distribution. Compared to normal barley starch, KK-2 produced consistently higher volumes of starch granules with 5-15 μm diameter and reduced volumes of starch granules with >15 μm diameter when grown in different environments. A cross between KK-2 and normal starch cultivar CDC Kendall was made and led to the production of 154 F5 lines with alterations to the normal 7:3:1 distribution for A-:B-:C-type starch granule volumes.

Genotype and growing environment interaction shows a positive correlation between substrates of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) biosynthesis and their accumulation in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) seeds.

To develop genetic improvement strategies to modulate raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) concentration in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) seeds, RFO and their precursor concentrations were analyzed in 171 chickpea genotypes from diverse geographical origins. The genotypes were grown in replicated trials over two years in the field (Patancheru, India) and in the greenhouse (Saskatoon, Canada).

Polymorphism in the barley granule bound starch synthase 1 (gbss1) gene associated with grain starch variant amylose concentration.

Granule bound starch synthase 1 (GBSS1) accumulation within starch granules and structure of Gbss1 alleles were determined for nine barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes producing amylose-free (undetectable), near-waxy (1.6-4.

Barley grain constituents, starch composition, and structure affect starch in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis.

The relationship between starch physical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis was determined using ten different hulless barley genotypes with variable carbohydrate composition. The ten barley genotypes included one normal starch (CDC McGwire), three increased amylose starches (SH99250, SH99073, and SB94893), and six waxy starches (CDC Alamo, CDC Fibar, CDC Candle, Waxy Betzes, CDC Rattan, and SB94912). Total starch concentration positively influenced thousand grain weight (TGW) (r(2) = 0.

Identification of genomic regions determining the phenological development leading to floral transition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Autumn-seeded winter cereals acquire tolerance to freezing temperatures and become vernalized by exposure to low temperature (LT). The level of accumulated LT tolerance depends on the cold acclimation rate and factors controlling timing of floral transition at the shoot apical meristem. In this study, genomic loci controlling the floral transition time were mapped in a winter wheat (T.

Identification of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for low-temperature tolerance in cold-hardy winter wheat.

Low-temperature (LT) tolerance is an important economic trait in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that determines the plants' ability to cope with below freezing temperatures. Essential elements of the LT tolerance mechanism are associated with the winter growth habit controlled by the vernalization loci (Vrn-1) on the group 5 chromosomes.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia with mutation in surfactant protein C in familial pulmonary fibrosis.

Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, a recently described form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, is characterized by uniform involvement of the alveolar septae with interstitial inflammation and variable amounts of fibrosis. Histological observations differentiate nonspecific interstitial pneumonia from usual interstitial pneumonia and clinically, patients with a nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern show better prognosis than those with usual interstitial pneumonia. We have genetically analyzed a family with a history of usual interstitial pneumonia.