A New Score Based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury for Integrative Evaluation of Changes in Sensorimotor Functions.

Sensorimotor function of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) is commonly assessed according to the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). From the ISNCSCI segmental motor and sensory assessments, upper and lower extremity motor scores (UEMS and LEMS), sum scores of pinprick (PP) and light touch (LT) sensation, the neurological level of injury (NLI) and the classification of lesion severity according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade are derived. Changes of these parameters over time are used widely to evaluate neurological recovery.

Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with robotic therapy for upper and lower limb function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method able to modulate neuronal activity after stroke. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if tDCS combined with robotic therapy (RT) improves limb function after stroke when compared to RT alone.

Methods: A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to July 15, 2021 was performed.

Phase II/III placebo-controlled randomized trial of safety and efficacy of growth hormone treatment in incomplete chronic traumatic spinal cord injury.

Study Design: This is a double blind phase II/III placebo-controlled randomized trial of the safety and efficacy of GH treatment in incomplete chronic traumatic spinal cord injury.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to use exogenous GH administration for motor recovery in chronic traumatic incomplete human SCI. The objectives were to establish safety and efficacy of a combined treatment of subcutaneous GH (or placebo) and rehabilitation in this population.

Treatment of spasticity in spinal cord injury with botulinum toxin.

Context: Spasticity is one of the most frequent complications in spinal cord injury (SCI), and is routinely managed with oral pharmacologic therapy. Botulinum toxin (BT) is not accepted as a treatment for spasticity in SCI in Spain but may be used in certain cases of focal distribution.

Objective: To report the results with BT for treatment of spasticity in SCI.

New Insights from Clinical Assessment of Upper Extremities in Cervical Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Upper extremity function has a strong impact on the quality of life in cervical spinal cord-injured patients. Upper extremity function depends on many factors, such as muscle strength, level of lesion, and extension of the cord damage in its axial axis produced by the injury. These variables can be obtained by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury, which is the standard for the functional evaluation of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.

[Spinal cord injury in patients over 65 years of age].

Introduction: Physically active population over 65 years old is increasing, they are at risk of falls and spinal cord injury in a range of age with significant presence of chronic pathology.

Aim: To review the incidence, type of injury, associated complications and functional recovey of spinal cord injury in patients over 65 years.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective descriptive study about patients over 65 years admitted in Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos with spinal cord injury from January 2010 to December 2011.

A comparison of robotic walking therapy and conventional walking therapy in individuals with upper versus lower motor neuron lesions: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare a walking reeducation program with robotic locomotor training plus overground therapy (LKOGT) to conventional overground training (OGT) in individuals with incomplete upper motor neuron (UMN) or lower motor neuron (LMN) injuries having either traumatic or nontraumatic nonprogressive etiology.

Design: Randomized open controlled trial with blind evaluation by an independent observer.

Setting: An inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation center.

Lokomat robotic-assisted versus overground training within 3 to 6 months of incomplete spinal cord lesion: randomized controlled trial.

Background: About 75% of persons with ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) Impairment Scale C and D incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) achieve walking ability.

Objective: To compare a walking reeducation program using Lokomat with conventional overground training among individuals with incomplete SCI of both traumatic and nontraumatic etiology.

Methods: A total of 80 participants from 3 to 6 months after onset admitted to 1 site for rehabilitation were included in a single-blind randomized clinical trial of 2 parallel groups, with blind evaluation by independent observers.