Recommendations of the Polish-speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG-PL) regarding the disclosure of biological traces and the handling of evidence for identification tests.

The purpose of this paper is to formulate recommendations for the disclosure of biological traces in the laboratory and the handling of forensic evidence submitted for identification tests, recommended by the Polish Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics. The paper organizes the knowledge of the most relevant stages of preliminary analysis of biological traces based on both literature sources and those resulting from years of research practice. Recommendations formulated in the course of multi-stage expert consultations contained in this study should be used in the development of laboratory procedures applied during the execution.

Population Genetic Data of 30 Insertion-Deletion Markers in the Polish Population.

(1) Background: Insertion-deletion (InDel) markers show the advantages of both short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and are considered alternative markers in forensic genetics. (2) Methods: Allelic frequencies and corresponding forensic efficiency parameters of 30 autosomal polymorphic InDel loci included in the Investigator DIPplex kit (Qiagen) were obtained in a sample of 631 unrelated Polish individuals. Allelic frequency data were compared with those reported for selected populations (3) Results: All the loci conformed with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after applying a Bonferroni correction and no pair-wise significant linkage disequilibrium was detected.

Computed Tomography versus Optical Scanning: A Comparison of Different Methods of 3D Data Acquisition for Tooth Replication.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the accuracy of different methods of data acquisition and data reconstruction and to assess their usefulness for 3D printing of tooth replicas.

Methods: 3-dimensional models of molar and canine teeth obtain utilizing CBCT examination with different protocols, and optical scanning was compared with models derived from micro-computed (micro-CT) examination using Geomagic Studio Qualify software. A pairwise comparison of 3D models with analysis of standard deviation and the value of the mean distance of given surfaces was performed.

Analysis of human dentition from Early Bronze Age: 4000-year-old puzzle.

This paper presents the first ever paleodontological investigation of human remains from an archeological site in Central Europe dating from the Early Bronze Age and attributed to the Strzyzow Culture. It corroborates the knowledge gained from archeological, anthropological and genetical investigations. Our study aimed to assess dental status, dental morphology and dental pathologies as well as tooth wear and enamel hypoplasia based on visual inspection and stereomicroscopic investigation.

A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci.

In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 different populations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelic spectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed.

[Polish population data for 17 Y-STRs and 8 Y-SNPs markers].

The aim of our study was to establish the genetic differentiation of the population of the province of Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) for 17 Y-STRs and 8 Y-SNPs and comparison of the Polish population with other selected populations. The investigations included 201 unrelated male inhabitants of the Greater Poland region We found 184 unique haplotypes for 17 Y-STR. The haplotype discrimination capacity was 0.

Polish population data on 15 autosomal STRs of AmpFlSTR NGM PCR kit.

The objective of the research was to provide a comprehensive database of autosomal microsatellite loci included in AmpFlSTR NGM PCR kit for a population of Poland considering possible genetic differentiation of a forensic interest. Fifteen STR markers were analyzed in 2041 unrelated individuals residing in eight geographically different regions. All the loci were found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Population genetics of 30 INDELs in populations of Poland and Taiwan.

The Investigator DIPplex(®) kit (Qiagen) contain components for the simultaneous amplification and analysis of 30 biallelic autosomal INDELs and amelogenin. The objective of this study was to estimate the diversity of the 30 markers in Polish (N P = 122) and Taiwanese (N T = 126) population samples and to evaluate their usefulness in forensic genetics. All amplicon lengths were shorter than 160 base pairs.

The conclusive role of postmortem computed tomography (CT) of the skull and computer-assisted superimposition in identification of an unknown body.

Computed tomography is commonly used in modern medicine, and thus, it is often helpful for medicolegal purposes, especially as part of the antemortem record. The application of postmortem computed tomography and 3D reconstruction of the skull in challenging cases is reported, and its valuable contribution to positive identification is discussed. This paper presents a case in which the body of an unknown individual is identified.

[DNA studies performed on a mummified body from Forensic Department Museum of Poznań University of Medical Sciences].

The article presents the results of experimental DNA examinations of a mummified body, which is kept in the Forensic Department Museum of Poznań University of Medical Sciences. The DNA analysis determined the gender of the mummy as male; the body was found to belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroups R1b and J2. The age of the mummified body was estimated by an anthropological examination as approximately 35 years.

[Application of Y-SNPs in forensic genetics].

The study presents the results obtained by LightSNiP method with the use of 2 SNPs located on Y chromosome. The purpose of this study was examination of the mixture of the genetic material in the form of male and female blood in different dilutions. The size of available STR-PCR markers is between 100 and 500 bp, which can limit the possibility of DNA mixture analysis, where the amount of male DNA is relatively low or the genetic material is markedly degraded.