Eugenol Essential Oil and Nanoemulsion as Antihydatic Agents with Antifibrotic and Immunomodulatory Effects in Cystic Echinococcosis.

Conventional scolicidal agents are still unsatisfactory in combating hydatid disease due to their low efficacy and increased drug side effects. Therefore, novel scolicides are required. This study aimed to evaluate the antihydatic and immunomodulatory effects of eugenol essential oil (Eug) and its nanoemulsion (Eug-NE) in cystic echinococcosis (CE).

Epidemiological, Morphological, and Morphometric Study on spp. Recovered From Goats in Egypt.

Goats can be infected by multiple groups of external and internal parasites. spp. are among abomasal parasites that can result in higher mortality and several considerable economic losses in goats.

Evaluation of the scolicidal activities of eugenol essential oil and its nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus remains a serious helminthic zoonosis affecting humans and animals in many endemic developing countries. Surgical intervention is the best management choice, although it is associated with high recurrence rates and serious complications. Also, the commonly used chemotherapeutics exhibited serious side effects.

SODIUM DODECYL SULPHATE POLYACRILAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (SDS-PAGE) FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF DIFFERENT SCHISTOSOME AND FASCIOLID SPECIES.

Fasciola and Schistosoma spp. are digenetic trematodes that have a major detrimental impact on human health worldwide. It is not unusual to find common molecules among parasites of different species, genera, or phyla.

Bio-preparates support the productivity of potato plants grown under desert farming conditions of north Sinai: Five years of field trials.

Organic agriculture as well as good agricultural practices (GAPs) intrigues the concern of both consumers and producers of agricultural commodities. Bio-preparates of various rhizospheric microorganisms (RMOs) are potential sources of biological inputs supporting plant nutrition and health. The response of open-field potatoes to the application of RMO bio-preparates, the biofertilizer "Biofertile" and the bioagent "Biocontrol", were experimented over 5 successive years under N-hunger of north Sinai desert soils.

Diversity of bacteria nesting the plant cover of north Sinai deserts, Egypt.

North Sinai deserts were surveyed for the predominant plant cover and for the culturable bacteria nesting their roots and shoots. Among 43 plant species reported, 13 are perennial (e.g.

Efficacy of ocular instillation of Fasciola hepatica crude adult antigen to diagnosis animal fascioliasis.

Locality prepared crude F. hepatica adult antigen for ocular instillation was evaluated in live sheep and buffaloes compared to stool examination and macroscopic examination of these animal after being slaughtered. Ocular instillation proved to be cheap, simple, time consuming, but could not replace stool examination, due to false positive cross reactions.

Observations on besnoitiosis in Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) from Michigan, USA.

Besnoitia tissue cysts were found in five naturally-infected adult opossums (Didelphis virginiana) from Michigan. Details of the microscopy, histopathology, ultra-structure, and genetic features of the cysts were studied to identify their species-specific traits. The materials were differentiated phenotypically from cysts of other Besnoitia spp.

Present situation of house dust mites in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

House dust mites are common inhalant allergens, which can precipitate atopic disease episodes. The present study revealed presence of four mites. These are Dermatophagoides farinae, D.

Detection of altered secondary lymphoid-tissue chemkine responsiveness in Balb/c mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

To determine the extent to which Balb/c mice splenic T cells were affected by S. mansoni infection, this study aims to investigate the ability of the T cells to produce interferon (IFN)-&, and their chemotactic ability at 7 weeks post-infection. The splenic T cells were capable of producing levels of IFN-& comparable with splenic T cells from naive mice.

Some molecular aspects in schistosomiasis mansoni and toxoplasmosis.

The IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines production represent cellular Th1 & Th2 immune responses respectively were associated with chronic schistosomiasis mansoni (stages 1-4) and chronic toxoplasmosis gondii. In the hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, the level of IL-2 and disease stage increased in parallel (P<0.05, <0.

Blastocystis hominis among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Talkha Center, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

Blastocystis hominis is now getting acceptance as an agent of human intestinal disease. B. hominis in stool samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals was evaluated as a possible cause of gastro-intestinal troubles.

Studies on the megatrypanum trypanosomes of the Egyptian bat (Pipistrellum kuhli) from Sohag Governorate, Egypt.

Out of 150 Egyptian bats (Pipistrellus Kuhli) hunted in the premises of Sohag City, 60 (40%) were harbouring typanosomes of the subgenus Megatypanum (Hoare, 1964). They were T. M.

Evaluation of the role of some parasitic infections as a cause of acute and chronic hepatic diseases.

A total of 200 patients with acute and chronic hepatic diseases and 100 apparently normal cross-matched controls were examined for the parasitic cause. The IHAT showed 3% had hydatid cysts, 3% had fascioliasis and 53.5% had schistosomiasis.

A microfilaria in a stray cat from Assiut, Egypt.

During a survey for helminth parasites among stray cats in Assiut area, microfilariae were detected. The morphology of the microfilarias was described.

Effect of inoculation with n(2)-fixing spirilla and azotobacter on nitrogenase activity on roots of maize grown under subtropical conditions.

Inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings of maize were grown in fertile clayloam soils of Egypt and Belgium under subtropical conditions provided in a greenhouse. Acetylene-reducing activity and microbial counts were determined during a period ranging from 6 to 12 weeks after sowing. Irrespective of soil origin, N(2)-fixing spirilla and Azotobacter were common under maize cultivation.

Temperature adaptability of nitrifying bacteria in soils of Egypt.

Five soils, representing different locations in Egypt that vary in their climatic conditions, were studied for their nitrifying capacity under different temperature levels. The optimum temperature was 30 degrees C, followed by 20 degrees C. At both temperatures no differences among soils in their nitrifying capacity were observed, and nitrification approached completion after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively.

Seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum in sand cultures and its effect on nitrogen balance.

The effect of bacterization of barley grains with a selected strain of Azotobacter chroococcum was studied. In nitrogen-deficient sand, seed inoculation increased plant length, dry weight, nitrogen content in addition to a significant increase in soil nitrogen. The density of the organism on grains had a slight positive effect.

Effect of organic matter supplementation on nitrogen transformations in soils. II. Nitrogen balance and yield.

Under controlled laboratory conditions, the effect of the application of uncomposted plant materials (sawdust and maize stalks) or horns and hooves (narrow C/N ratio) on soil nitrogen and plant growth was investigated. From nitrogen balance calculations it was found that the addition of the wide C/N ratio materials alone either increased soil nitrogen through N2-fixation or lessened nitrogen loss through denitrification. Although such materials resulted in the immobilisation of mineral nitrogen, no nitrogen starvation symptoms were noted on the growing plants.

Effect of organic matter supplementation on nitrogen transformations in soils. I. Chemical and bacteriological changes.

The effect of supplementation with different organic materials on nitrogen transformations and on certain bacterial groups in soil was studied. Addition of wide C/N ratio organic matter, sawdust and maize stalks prevented NO3-N from being lost through leaching out or dentrification and favoured the development of Azotobacter and N2-fixing clostridia that in turn resulted in marked gains in nitrogen through N2-fixation. Nitrifying bacteria were adversely affected.

Effect of Azotobacter inoculation on plant growth and soil nitrogen.

The validity of seed bacterization with Azotobacter chroococcum in soils of variable densities of naturally present azotobacters was studied. Inoculation of barley grains had no effect on counts of total microflora, neither in rhizosphere nor in root-free soil, but significantly increased Azotobacter population, especially in the rhizosphere. The rate of colonization in the root region was much higher when soil initially harboured low Azotobacter densities.

Associative symbiosis of Azotobacter chroococcum and higher plants.

The association between a selected strain of Azotobacter chroococcum and seven plants was investigated in water cultures under sterile conditions. Azotobacter population progressively increased in the nutrient solution and on the rhizoplane. Microbial propagation depends on the type of plant, being much higher in presence of wheat, followed by barley, maize, broad bean, and cotton, while in presence of fenugreek and lentil lower rates of multiplication were recorded.

Biological activities during ripening of composts.

Three investigations were carried out. The first determined the relationships between dehydrogenase acitivty throughout the course of composting wheat straw and the changes in both organic carbon and total nitrogen. The second investigation tested the validity of the first investigation results.